不同作业阶段矿工安全注意力的事件相关电位研究

为了深入探讨不同作业阶段矿工安全注意力的变化规律,通过事件相关电位的脑电实验设计,用E-prime编写刺激程序,采用64导脑电仪采集脑电数据,并用BESA软件对脑电数据进行预处理和分析。结果表明:在不同作业阶段,P300的波幅和潜伏期具有显著的差异。在作业前期阶段,P300的波幅最大、潜伏期最短;在作业中期阶段,P300的波幅最小,潜伏期最长;在作业后期阶段,P300的波幅和潜伏期介于前期阶段和中期阶段之间,且数值接近中期阶段。说明在作业前期阶段,矿工安全注意力水平较高;在中期阶段,大幅度衰减;在后期阶段,安全注意力水平有小幅度的上升,但是仍然远远低于前期阶段的注意力水平。     

基于定位栏试验的奶牛粪便中雌激素含量特征

为探究奶牛粪便中雌激素含量特征,采用定位栏试验收集奶牛粪便样,采用超高效液相色谱串联(UPLC-MS/MS)法对粪便中4种天然雌激素(雌酮;17α-雌二醇,17β-雌二醇,雌三醇)和2种人工合成雌激素(17a-炔雌醇,己烯雌酚)的含量进行测定,结果表明:6种雌激素的检出率居于8.33％～98.89％之间,4种天然雌激素...     

财政分权与环境治理——基于动态视角的理论和实证分析

基于动态视角,对财政分权与环境治理的关系进行理论分析,提出研究假说,并利用1997—2016年的省级面板数据,对两者的关系进行实证检验。理论研究认为:财政分权在不同的经济发展阶段对环境治理的影响不同。当经济发展水平较低时,财政分权对环境治理的影响以负向的替代效应为主,财政分权不利于环境治理;而当经济发展水平较高时,财政分权对环境治理的影响以正向的收入效应为主,财政分权有利于环境治理。实证研究表明:①在样本时期内,整体而言,我国的财政分权不利于环境治理。该结论在通过模型设定、指标选取以及内生性控制等检验后,仍然成立。②随着经济发展水平的不断提高,财政分权对环境治理的负向效应不断减弱。③面板门槛模型的结果表明,当人均GDP达到3.123万元时,财政分权对环境治理的影响才有可能出现拐点。若以环境污染治理投资总额和行政处罚案件数作为被解释变量时,人均GDP分别要达到4.379万元和6.276万元时,拐点才有可能出现。以上发现的政策启示在于:一方面,尽管现阶段我国的财政分权对环境治理存在负向影响,但是这种负向影响仅是阶段性的,不能因为这种阶段性特征,而否定财政分权制度本身;另一方面,由于我国大部分地区仍处在经济发展的中等收入阶段,为了缓解财政分权的负向效应,可能还需要中央政府进行适当的干预以消除地方政府在环境治理方面的扭曲。     

某人工湖成库初期水环境特征研究

通过对某新建人工湖水温、DO、SD、pH、TN、TP、CODMn、Chla、藻类和水动力条件10项环境因素的特征、趋势分析,研究人工湖成库初期水环境特征。实验结果表明,成库初期,TN、TP等营养盐处于累积高峰期,通过计算N/P比和相关性分析,磷为藻类生长时期的限制性因子;人工湖基本处于准静止状态(流速小于0.1 m/s),为藻类生长提供有利条件;人工湖藻类种类和密度随时间而变动,出现高峰值,在调查阶段主要藻种为蓝、绿藻;叶绿素a含量一直处于较高水平,并分别与TP、SD、pH、DO之间存在显著的相关性。     

Discussion on the Regional Division of the Development Stage of China's Wind Power

This paper constructs the index system of the regional division of the development stage of China's wind power resourc-es, including the index of energy, the index of wind energy endow-ments and other indices. Based on principal component analysis and layered clustering analysis of these indices, and combined with the conceptual function of the development and utilization stage of the wind power, this paper divides the development and utilization stage of the wind power into four stages taking province as the basic yardstick: optimization growth stage, the rapid growth stage,the slow growth stage and the initial growth stage. In addition, this paper briefly discusses the basic strategy that should be adopted in each development stage of wind power resources.     

海水淡化技术及其应用

海水淡化技术是指利用海水脱盐生产淡水的技术过程。目前,海水淡化技术已是解决全球淡水资源危机的重要途径之一。介绍了几种海水淡化方法,对多级闪蒸、低温多效和反渗透三种海水淡化技术的原理、工艺、优缺点及其应用实例行了详细的阐述和比较。     

Chlorpyrifos degradation in a biomixture of biobed at different maturity stages

The biomixture is a principal element controlling the degradation efficacy of the biobed. The maturity of the biomixture used in the biobed affects its overall performance of the biobed, but this is not well studied yet. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of using a typical composition of Swedish biomixture at different maturity stages on the degradation of chlorpyrifos. Tests were made using biomixture at three maturity stages: 0 d (BC0), 15 d (BC15) and 30 d (BC30); chlorpyrifos was added to the biobeds at final concentration of 200, 320 and 480 mg kg⁻¹. Chlorpyrifos degradation in the biomixture was monitored over time. Formation of TCP (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyrinidol) was also quantified, and hydrolytic and phenoloxidase activities measured. The biomixture efficiently degraded chlorpyrifos (degradation efficiency >50%) in all the evaluated maturity stages. However, chlorpyrifos degradation decreased with increasing concentrations of the pesticide. TCP formation occurred in all biomixtures, but a major accumulation was observed in BC30. Significant differences were found in both phenoloxidase and hydrolytic activities in the three maturity stages of biomixture evaluated. Also, these two biological activities were affected by the increase in pesticide concentration. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that chlorpyrifos can be degraded efficiently in all the evaluated maturity stages.     

Effects of estrone on the early life stages and expression of vitellogenin and estrogen receptor genes of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes)

The fertilized eggs of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to estrone (E1) at 5–5000 ng L⁻¹ for 15 d, and the hatched fry were exposed continuously to the same concentrations for the additional 15 d. Adverse effects on hatchability, time to hatching, and gross abnormalities occurred at 50 ng L⁻¹ or above. Then the fry were divided into a continual exposure group, and a water recovery group. When the fry were exposed to E1 for another 60 d, there was a decrease in the hepatosomatic index (HSI) of males and the influence disappeared in the water recovery group. The gonadosonatic index (GSI) of females at 500 ng L⁻¹ decreased significantly in another 60 d exposure. While the fry were maintained in dechlorinated tap water for 60 d, a significant decrease in female GSI was observed at 50 ng L⁻¹ or above. An increased GSI was found in males in both continual exposure and water recovery groups at all E1 treatments. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that vitellogenin-I (Vtg-I) gene expressions in the female liver were significantly down-regulated at 50 ng L⁻¹ in the continual exposure group, and at 500 ng L⁻¹ in the water recovery group, while male Vtg-I genes were significantly up-regulated for all E1 treatments. In addition, all E1 treatments caused sex reversal of males. These results suggest that E1 at 5 ng L⁻¹ or above have unrecoverable impacts on the gonadal growth and development of medaka, even if only early life stages were exposed to E1.     

Life stage- dependent bioconcentration of a nonylphenol isomer in Daphnia magna

Bioaccumulation is an important aspect for the fate and effects of xenobiotics in the environment. In this study we used a radiolabeled nonylphenol isomer to investigate the bioconcentration in Daphnia magna at different ages. Apart from the total radioactivity we measured the metabolism of p353-NP in D. magna, to calculate the amount of p353-NP compared to total radioactivity found within the daphnids. Bioconcentration factors, based on wet weight, calculated from the rate constants for total radioactivity in neonates and adults were 4271 kg/l and 760 kg/l respectively, leading to a 5.6 deviance in bioconcentration. This deviance was even more pronounced, nearly one order of magnitude, for the p353-NP concentration with bioconcentration factors of 302 kg/l for neonates and 31 kg/l for adults. We were able to describe the bioconcentration for all daphnids by a weight-dependent one- compartment model. These results pointed out that it is not possible to compare bioconcentration experiments conducted with different substances and different sized daphnids. Additionally it was shown that it is not possible to describe the bioconcentration by measuring the total radioactivity. Metabolism of nonylphenol occurs at a very fast rate and bioconcentration is not triggered by the partition between two phases, but by metabolism. Discrimination between the two mechanisms was achieved using radiolabeled substances and a pseudo two-compartment model to describe metabolism and elimination by two rate constants which afterwards can be compared between different substances.     

不同施氮量下水稻分蘖期光合碳向土壤碳库的输入及其分配的量化研究：13C连续标记法

应用稳定同位素13C-CO2连续标记技术,通过室内密闭培养试验研究不同施氮处理下(依次为N0,N10,N20,N40,N60)水稻分蘖期光合碳向土壤碳库的输入及其分配特征.结果表明,连续标记培养18 d后,水稻地上部和根系的干物质累积量分别为1.58~4.35 g·plot-1和1.05~2.44 g·plot-1,水稻植株生物量受施氮处理显著影响,且随着施氮量增加而增加,即N60>N40>N20>N10>N0.水稻整个分蘖期内分别有44.0~157.6 g·plot-1和8.3~49.4 g·plot-1的光合碳进入水稻地上部和根系.不同施氮水平下,种植水稻的土壤有机碳(13C-SOC)、可溶性有机碳(13C-DOC)和微生物量碳(13C-MBC)的分配量均显著高于CK处理(不种植水稻且不施N).种植水稻的土壤13C-SOC含量范围为11.1~23.7 g·plot-1,占总净同化量的10.2%~18.1%.对于活性碳库,CK处理的土壤13C-DOC和13C-MBC含量分别为3.50μg·kg-1和88.9μg·kg-1,种植水稻处理的土壤13C-DOC、13C-MBC含量范围为4.82~14.51μg·kg-1、526.1~1 478.8μg·kg-1.土壤13C-SOC、13C-DOC和13C-MBC含量受施氮处理显著影响(P<0.05),且与植物生物量呈显著正相关关系.因此,水稻分蘖期光合碳的地下部输入有利于土壤有机碳的累积,施氮能够促进水稻新鲜根际碳的沉积,且高N水平下根际沉积碳量高于低N和中量N水平.