水中高锰酸盐指数测定全程质量控制

质量控制是环境监测赖以生存和发展的基础,加强全程质量控制才能确保监测数据的准确性和可靠性。结合环境监测工作实际,应用国标经典分析方法-酸性法／碱性法《水和废水监测分析方法》（第四版）（增补版）对水中高锰酸盐指数测定进行了全程质量控制技术探讨。简介了方法所需仪器与试剂,深入探讨了运用国标法进行水中高锰酸盐指数测定全程质量控制技术问题。指出在标准分析方法基础上,选用有效期内的质量合格的分析纯以上试剂,正确进行样品测定预处理,严格规范加热操作与滴定过程,准确进行分析结果数据处理,切实加强结果填报规定程式．能够确保大批量、成分复杂未知水样高锰酸盐指数测定精密度和准确度。     

原油加热炉对流炉管表面积灰清理技术的应用

针对鲁宁线和中洛线原油加热炉炉管穿孔现象,对加热炉积灰成分、性质及成因进行了分析,提出有效的高压蒸汽清灰技术。现场应用表明,该技术可提高炉管换热效率、减少炉管的腐蚀,确保加热炉的安全运行。     

齐齐哈尔市热电联产项目节能减排分析

以热电联产集中供热作为节能减排的重要措施,分析了齐齐哈尔市热电联产项目在节能降耗和污染减排中的作用.     

Assessing the number of users who are excluded by domestic heating controls

Space heating accounts for almost 60% of the energy delivered to housing which in turn accounts for nearly 27% of the total UK's carbon emissions. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of heating control design on the degree of ‘user exclusion’. This was calculated using the Design Exclusion Calculator, developed by the Engineering Design Centre at the University of Cambridge. To elucidate the capability requirements of the system, a detailed hierarchical task analysis was produced, due to the complexity of the overall task. The Exclusion Calculation found that the current design placed excessive demands upon the capabilities of at least 9.5% of the UK population over 16 years old, particularly in terms of ‘vision’, ‘thinking’ and ‘dexterity’ requirements. This increased to 20.7% for users over 60 years old. The method does not account for the level of numeracy and literacy and so the true exclusion may be higher. Usability testing was conducted to help validate the results which indicated that 66% of users at a low-carbon housing development could not programme their controls as desired. Therefore, more detailed analysis of the cognitive demands placed upon the users is required to understand where problems within the programming process occur. Further research focusing on this cognitive interaction will work towards a solution that may allow users to behave easily in a more sustainable manner.     

Comparative experimental analysis of the effect of convective heat losses on the performance of parabolic dish water heater

This paper reveals comparative experimental analysis of the effect of variation of natural and forced convection heat losses on the performance of prototype parabolic dish water heater with coated and non-coated receivers. With the above-described system, hot water needs in domestic applications can be fulfilled instantly. A parabolic dish collector was used for instant water heating. Design of solar parabolic dish collector consists of truncated cone-shaped helical coiled receiver made up of copper at focal point. Instantaneous efficiency of 63% and 48% has been achieved with coated and non-coated receivers. This prototype has been evaluated for its performance with water flow rate of 0.0076 kg/s during the months of April and May 2010 at Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India (latitude: 16.42° North, longitude: 74.13° West).     

System dynamics modelling of hybrid renewable energy systems and combined heating and power generator

The role of energy in the present world is critical in terms of both economical development and environmental impact. Renewable energy sources are considered essential in addressing these challenges. As a result, a growing number of organisations have been adopting hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) to reduce their environmental impact and sometimes take advantage of various incentives. When a HRES is being planned, the ability to model a HRES can provide an organisation with numerous benefits including the capability of optimising sub-systems, predicting performances and carrying out sensitivity analysis. In this paper, we present a comprehensive system dynamics model of HRES and combined heating and power (CHP) generator. Data from a manufacturing company using HRES and CHP generator are used to validate the model and discuss important findings. The results illustrate that the components of a HRES can have conflicting effects on cost and environmental benefits; thus, there is a need for an organisation to make trade-off decisions. The model can be a platform to further simulate and study the composition and operating strategies of organisations that are venturing to adopt new or additional HRESs.     

双碱法烟气脱硫在供热行业的应用及减排效果

“十二五”期间,新疆面临控制新污染、解决老污染的双重压力,SO2总量控制任务十分艰巨。本文通过对新疆供热行业的现状分析,从经济、运行效果、投资、管理等方面进行双碱法烟气脱硫在供热行业应用的分析,提出在新疆推行供热行业烟气脱硫的可行性措施,为新疆“十二五”期间SO2减排工作建言献策。     

微波法与电热板消解法前处理对垃圾渗滤液重金属含量测定效果的应用比较

为准确有效地测定南充市垃圾渗滤液中多种重金属的含量,选取最适合垃圾渗滤液重金属测定的消解方法,分别采用电热板和微波消解两种方法对垃圾渗滤液进行了前处理,并测定了其中部分重金属的含量。测定结果表明,采用电热板和微波消解两种前处理方法,均能较为准确地测定垃圾渗滤液中的铜、锌等7种重金属元素,但从样品损失率以及准确度来看,微波消解时样品始终处于密闭体系,损失率低,样品的测定值准确性更高,可信度更强,因此在垃圾渗滤液重金属测定时,采用微波消解作为南充市城市生活垃圾渗滤液的前处理方法更具优势。     

基于非接触式加热的温控器性能和寿命测试装置的研制

本文提出了一种温控器性能和寿命测试方案,本方案采用感应加热和导热介质冷却的控制方式,有效的解决了传统寿命测试方式热惯量大,机械振动和温度不确定度大等影响测试结果的问题,保证了温控器在测试过程中的动作温度、温度梯度和环境应力可控,同时在用作温控器性能测试时,温度的波动度小于0.2K,该装置能够完全满足GB14536.10-2008标准规定的II型温控器的性能和寿命测试要求。     

延长湿热箱加湿锅炉中加热管使用寿命的研究

湿热试验箱中加湿锅炉是保证湿热试验正常进行的重要装置,加热管的使用寿命直接关系到设备的使用可靠性,通过分析影响加热管寿命的主要因素,提出了一种对加湿锅炉的改进方法,并应用于实验室。对多台湿热试验箱进行改造后,延长加热管的使用寿命,方便设备的维护保养,提高了湿热试验箱设备的使用可靠性。