高速公路建设对环境的影响分析——以吉长高速公路为例

以吉（林）长（春）高速公路为例，论述了高速公路施工期、营运期对沿线生态环境、大气环境、声学环境、水环境可能产生的影响程度及范围。     

湿热法处理实现厨余垃圾饲料化的研究

探索了湿热法工艺处理厨余垃圾并将其饲料化的可行性。实验表明,湿热法处理可以在满足消毒杀菌的同时,降低厨余原料中的高油脂含量和高含盐量,调节营养成分,实现物化性状的均一。经湿热法处理后的厨余垃圾的饲用价值得到明显改善,可作为良好的饲料原料,同时可回收利用油脂。总之,湿热法工艺可实现厨余垃圾的无害化、减量化和资源化处理,对于消除环境污染、缓解我国饲料原料紧张及资源回收利用等方面有着显著的环境效益、社会效益和经济效益,具有重要的现实意义。     

汞污染载金炭间接加热-N2吹扫脱汞研究

采用间接加热-N2吹扫法,对汞污染载金炭中汞的脱除进行试验研究.主要考察了吹扫方式、焙烧温度、N2流量和处理时间对汞脱除效果的影响.结果表明,采用床层内部吹扫方式有利于载金炭中汞的脱除;在550℃、N2 1.6 m3/h·kg、吹扫3 h条件下,能够将载金炭中汞含量由13.833 g/kg降低至0.002 g/kg,汞脱除率达到99.98%以上,而炭烧损率仅1.84%.另外,进行了2种二段法脱汞试验研究:高温蒸汞-N2吹扫法和空气吹扫-N2吹扫法.结果表明,与一段法相比,前者能够大大降低N2的消耗量;而后者没有明显优势,N2用量和能耗均未能明显降低.     

Relationships between indoor and outdoor air pollution by carcinogenic PAHs and PCBs

PAHs and PCBs were collected simultaneously indoors and outdoors at eight non-smoking homes located in four buildings in high-traffic areas of Rome. The purpose was to evaluate the relevance of indoor air in contributing to the overall exposure of the urban population. The vertical distribution was also investigated by collecting outdoor samples at both road and roof level, and indoor samples in both a high and a low floor flat of each building. At one coal-heated building, samples were collected during both the heating and the non-heating season. No evident PAH source was present indoors. Indoor and outdoor daily concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) ranged, respectively, 0.1–4.6 ng m⁻³ and 0.7–2.3 ng m⁻³. With the heating on, indoor PAH concentrations equalled or exceeded those outdoors, with BaP indoor/outdoor ratios up to 4; during the warm season, ratios decreased to 0.2–0.6. Indoor PAHs at the low floors exceeded the high-floor ones when the heating was off (vehicle exhausts being the dominant source), while being equal or lower with the heating on; the vertical gradient of indoor PAHs between different floors was within a factor of 2. Outdoor PAHs at roof level were 20–70% of those at road level, which in turn exceeded those at the medium-traffic station up to a factor of 4. The outdoor concentrations of Σ6 indicator PCBs ranged 0.1–1.6 ng m⁻³. Indoor PCB concentrations exceeded those outdoors by an approximate factor of 2–50. No vertical gradient was observed. The results indicated that indoor air may contribute to the overall exposure to PAHs and PCBs more than the urban air. They were also consistent with recent findings suggesting that indoor air can be a relevant source of PCBs for outdoor air.     

Effect of particle size and dust layer size on ignition characteristics of PMMA dust layer on hot surface

Deposition of combustible dust on a hot surface is a hidden danger of fire. In this work, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) dust was selected to analyse the influence of dust layer diameter, dust particle size and dust layer thickness on the ignition characteristics of PMMA dust layer. Critical heating temperatures and ignition time had been measured. The STA-GC/MS-FTIR analysis was used to determine that the main products of PMMA pyrolysis were MMA, CO, CO₂, and C₂H₄, of which CO and C₂H₄ were transported to the ambient to cause gas phase combustion on the surface of the dust layer. For 10 mm thick dust layer, the critical heating temperatures of 5 μm PMMA, 100 nm PMMA, and 30 μm PMMA were 300 °C, 330 °C, and 320 °C. As the thickness of the dust layer increased, the gas transport path became longer, the critical heating temperature and ignition time increased. The characteristic particle size (D [3,2]) was utilized to represent the true particle size, and the ignition time increased with the increase of the characteristic particle size. The increase in the diameter of the dust layer had a slight effect on the temperature history and ignition time of the dust layer.     

“十五”期间黑龙江省辐射环境状况

介绍了"十五"期间我省电离辐射环境质量状况和电磁辐射环境质量状况;核技术应用单位放射环境质量概况、辐射环境监督管理以及辐射环境的基础能力建设状况。     

Spatiotemporal distribution of caddis fly larvae <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aethaloptera evanescens</Emphasis> MacLachlan, 1880 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Selenga River

Data on the occurrence, abundance, and biomass of caddis fly larvae Aethaloptera evanescens in the Selenga during the ice periods of 1987–2005 are presented. These insect larvae prefer river stretches with a gravel-sand ground, flow rate of 0.3–0.4 m/s, and depth of 2–3 m. Probable factors determining their distribution in the Selenga in recent years are a considerable drop of water level in the river (1995–2005), the improvement of hydrochemical conditions, and the presence of suspended and drifting erosion materials entering the river as a consequence of sand-gravel mixture excavation between 1980 and 1990.     

渗滤液回灌对厌氧生物反应器产甲烷影响的研究

在不同温度下,通过对3个已进入产甲烷期的厌氧型生物反应器实施不同的回灌操作,并对渗滤液的pH值、TDS、COD、氨氮浓度和产气量的监测数据进行对比分析表明:在温度较高时,高回灌频率1d/次有利于促进产甲烷速率的提高;在温度较低时,适当的低回灌频率5d/次更加有利。同时保持较高的温度(35℃左右)也有利于提高厌氧型生物反应器的产甲烷速率,其中在恒温下的D2柱的平均产甲烷速率高达2314mL/d,而在室温下的D1柱仅为D2柱的40%。     

高超声速飞行器多物理场耦合及热防护技术研究综述

主要对国内外近年来在解决流热固多场耦合以及热防护问题方面所做的研究和所采用的分析方法进行论述和总结,对各类研究方法的优缺点和适用范围进行分析和评价,为从事多场耦合问题及热防护技术的研究人员提供一定理论支持。     

氨氮测定仪与TOC测定仪维护的两条经验

ABB-8232型氨氮测定仪和Seres2000型TOC测定仪日常维护的两条成型经验：即降低氨氮测定仪工作液NaOH浓度至50％，提高EDTA浓度至3．57％；改变TOC测定一部分液路。实际应用之后能延长两仪器维护周期，大大降低维护成本。