武昌东湖生物污染的研究及病毒指示物的初探

随着工业的发展和人口的增加,江河、湖泊等水体受到愈来愈严重的污染,尤其是靠近城镇的水体.其中生物污染主要是来自人群的粪便.有关部门选定大肠杆菌作为粪便污染的水体中各种肠道致病菌的指示物,并制定了一些相应的指标.但对于水中的肠道病毒,目前还没有一个统一的标准.     

鸡贫血病毒的分子生物学研究进展

鸡贫血病毒 (ｃｈｉｃｋｅｎａｎｅｍｉａｖｉｒｕｓ,ＣＡＶ)是鸡传染性贫血病 (ｃｈｉｃｋｅｎｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｕｓａｎｅｍｉａ,ＣＩＡ)的主要病原 .ＣＡＶ感染可引起雏鸡骨髓造血组织和胸腺等淋巴组织萎缩 ,从而导致严重贫血 ,甚至造成死亡[1] ;同时ＣＡＶ感染还能导致免疫抑制[2～ 7] .自 1979年日本学者Ｙｕａｓａ等[8] 首次报道该病毒以来 ,西德、瑞典、英国、丹麦、波兰、美国、澳大利亚、荷兰、巴西和阿根廷等国先后发现该病毒的存在[9～ 11] .我国于 1992年首次在黑龙江省分离到ＣＡＶ[12 ] ,随后在河南、山东、江苏、辽宁、吉林…     

黄精多糖的抗单纯疱疹病毒作用

体外抗单纯疱疹病毒试验表明：黄精多糖对非洲绿猴肾细胞（Vero cell）的最大4无毒浓度为16mg/mL。在对Vero细胞无毒性的浓度下对单纯疱疹病毒1型（Stoker株）和2型（333株和Sav株）均有显著的抑制作用，对Stoker株的半抑制浓度（IC50）为3.95mg/mL，最小有效浓度（MIC）为1.0mg/mL；对333株的IC50为8.0mg/mL，MIC为8.0mg/mL；对Sav株的IC50为7.72mg/mL，MIC为4mg/mL。MTT染色的结果表明，黄精多糖能显著提高病毒感染的Vero细胞的活力，对细胞有保护作用。图1表4参11。     

A new approach to graphical and numerical analysis of links between plant chemotaxonomy and secondary metabolism from HPLC data smoothed by a simplex mixture design

Summary. HPLC analysis of secondary metabolites represents an efficient tool for the studying of plant chemical diversity under different aspects: chemotaxonomy, metabolomics, adaptative responses to ecological factors, etc. Statistical analyses of HPLC databases, e.g. correlation analysis between HPLC peaks, can reliably provide information on the similarity/dissimilarity degrees between the chemical compounds. The similarities, corresponding to positive correlations, can be interpreted in terms of analogies between chemical structures, synchronic metabolisms or co-evolution of two compounds under certain environment conditions, etc. . In terms of metabolism, positive correlations can translate precursor-product relationships between compounds; negative correlations can be indicative of competitive processes between two compounds for a common precursor(s), enzyme(s) or substrate(s). Furthermore, the correlation analysis under a metabolic aspect can help to understand the biochemical origins of an observed polymorphism in a plant species. With the aim of showing this, we present a new approach based on a simplex mixture design, Scheffé matrix, which provides a correlation network making it possible to graphically visualise and to numerically model the metabolic trends between HPLC peaks. The principle of the approach consisted in mixing individual HPLC profiles representative of different phenotypes, then from a complete mixture set, a series of average profiles were calculated to provide a new database with a small variability. Several iterations of the mixture design provided a smoothed final database from which the relationships between the secondary metabolites were graphically and numerically analysed. These relationships were scale-dependent, namely either deterministic or systematic: the first consisted of a monotonic global trend covering the whole variation field of each metabolites’ pair; the second consisted of repetitive monotonic variations which gradually attenuated or intensified along a global trend. This new metabolomic approach was illustrated from 404 individual plants of Astragalus caprinus (Leguminoseae), belonging to four chemical phenotypes (chemotypes) on the basis of flavonoids analysed in their leaves. After smoothing, the relationships between flavonoids were numerically fitted using linear or polynomial models; therefore the co-response coefficients were easily interpreted in terms of metabolic affinities or competitions between flavonoids which would be responsible of the observed chemical polymorphism (the four chemotypes). The statistical validation of the approach was carried out by comparing Pearson correlations to Spearman correlations calculated from the smoothed and the crude HPLC database, respectively. Moreover, the signs of the smoothed relationships were finely supported by analogies and differences between the chemical structures of flavonoids, leading to fluent interpretation in relation to the pathway architecture.     

公共场合的计算机病毒防治

本文介绍了有关计算机病毒的一些基本知识，并根据长期的工作实践，提出了在计算机集中使用的公共场合病毒防治办法，以保证计算机的正常运行。     

虚拟蜜罐技术在网络安全中的应用研究

面对网络上复杂而多变的黑客攻击,提出利用虚拟蜜罐技术主动吸引黑客的攻击,来监视和跟踪入侵者的行为并进行记录,进而研究入侵者所使用的攻击工具、攻击策略和方法。笔者论述了虚拟蜜罐技术的基本概念,通过3方面的应用实例,较为系统地研究了虚拟蜜罐技术在网络安全中的应用,证明虚拟蜜罐技术可以有效收集攻击信息,保护实际工作网络,并讨论了虚拟蜜罐的优点和风险。     

Intergrated approach for microbiological impact assessment of public wastewater treatment plants

Wastewaters are a source of pathogenic micro-organisms in the environment. The microbial load and residues found in the final effluents of wastewater-treatment plants (WWTPs) depend on the WWTPs' abatement capacity and the final disinfection treatment systems applied to wastewaters before discharge into water. A historical database with data on surface and marine-coastal water quality and on the characterization of WWTP effluents was made using data from 1997 to 2004 to assess the microbiologic impact along the coast of the Venice province (Italy, northern Adriatic sea). The monitoring of river and sea discharges along the coast is integrated with the application of the Synthetic Pluriennal Faecalization Index (ISPF). The experimental study was conducted in the period from November 2002 to April 2004 by the Veneto Regional Environmental Prevention and Protection Agency. The results of this investigation on faecal contamination together with previous data are presented with a preliminary performance characterization of the WWTPs' disinfection technologies (sodium hypochlorite, peracetic acid, UV rays, and ozone).     

Increased Infectious Disease Susceptibility Resulting from Outbreeding Depression

Abstract:  The mechanisms by which outbreeding depression leads to reduced fitness are poorly understood. We considered the hypothesis that outbreeding can depress fitness by increasing the susceptibility of hybrid individuals and populations to infectious disease. Competitive breeding trials in experimental ponds indicated that outbred largemouth bass (  Micropterus salmoides ) crossed from two geographically and genetically distinct populations suffered a reduction in fitness of approximately 14% relative to parental stocks. We measured the comparative susceptibility of these same outbred stocks to a novel viral pathogen, largemouth bass virus. Following experimental inoculation, F2 generation hybrids suffered mortality at a rate 3.6 times higher than either F1 generation hybrids or wild-type parental fish. Analysis of viral loads indicated that viral replication was more rapid in F2 fish than in F1 hybrids or wild-type parental fish. We attribute these results to the disruption of coadapted gene complexes in the immune systems of outbred fish in the F2 generation. Increased susceptibility to infectious disease may be an important but underappreciated mechanism by which outbreeding reduces the fitness of individuals and populations and by which novel infectious diseases emerge in populations of hybrid organisms.     

纳米TiO2-光催化灭活水中噬菌体MS2

提出了一种简易的水中病毒灭活方法,以噬菌体MS2为模式病毒,探讨了紫外光照射时间、TiO2浓度、紫外光强度对自来水中MS2灭活效率的影响;评价了太阳光代替紫外光用于光催化灭活病毒的可行性.研究结果表明,聚乙烯(PE)材质的样品袋能更好地透过紫外光;紫外光照射6h,50mg/L的TiO2可以灭活自来水中7.95Log的MS2;紫外光强度在45μW/m2以下时,灭活率随强度的提高而增加;在溪水中,50mg/L的TiO2仅有4.87Log的灭活效率. 在太阳光下,50mg/L的TiO2在自来水和溪水中对MS2的灭活效率差异不明显,都达到了6.1Log以上,表明太阳光-TiO2灭活水中的病毒可行且高效.     

我国棉铃虫病毒杀虫剂的研究开发和应用

棉铃虫核型多角体病毒（ＮＰｖ），从分离开始，经过实验室研究到工厂生产商品销售，至今历经了１８个春秋。是中国生防史上第一次使一种昆虫病毒的研究，从技术上的成功转变成商业上的开发成功。从１９８８～１９９３年，总共生产棉铃虫病毒杀虫剂１００ｔ，使用面积７万ｈａ，（１００多万亩）。在防治棉花、烟叶、辣椒和蕃茄等作物上的棉铃虫和烟青虫方面，均获得了有效的控制。本文主要介绍该病毒的基本特性，生产工艺和应用效果，并展望未来的前景。