近50年江苏省夏季高温热浪的时空分布特征分析

根据江苏省1955-2007年7-9月逐日最高气温资料,分别以日最高气温≥35℃的高温天数、持续3d、5d的高温过程、平均最高气温为指标,建立了各站点的高温日数、高温强度的时间序列。分析发现,该省20世纪90年代中后期以来处于一个偏热期,苏州等城市近几年高温次数明显增加,而西南区域南京等城市夏季的最高气温则有下降趋势;同时,运用小波分析方法对该省高温时空分布的周期性进行了分析,结果表明,江苏省年平均最高温度变化中5～6a的周期振荡在各地区中反映得比较明显。     

Review of advances in the thin layer chromatography of pesticides: 2008–2010

Techniques and applications of thin layer chromatography (planar chromatography) for the separation, detection, qualitative and quantitative determination, and preparative isolation of pesticides and their metabolites and other related compounds are reviewed for the period from November 1, 2008 to November 1, 2010. Analyses are described for a variety of samples types and pesticide classes. In addition to references on residue analysis, studies such as pesticide structure-retention relationships, identification and characterization of plant pesticides and synthesized pesticides, metabolism, degradation, mobility, identification of biomarkers for detection of herbicide effects in plants, and lipophilicity are covered.     

Development of an efficient extraction method for oxytetracycline in animal manure for high performance liquid chromatography analysis

Oxytetracycline (2-(amino-hydroxy-methylidene)-4-dimethylamino-5,6,10,11,12a-pentahydroxy-6-methyl-4,4a,5,5a-tetrahydrotetracene-1,3,12-trione) is a major member of the tetracycline antibiotics family of which are widely administered to animals in concentrated animal feeding operations for purposes of therapeutical treatment and health protection. With the disposal of animal manure as fertilizer into agricultural land, tetracyclines enter the environment. However, tetracyclines chelate with multivalent cations and proteins, resulting in low extraction efficiencies from animal manure for tetracycline residue analysis. In this study an efficient extraction method for oxytetracycline from steer manure using methanol/water solution amended with chelating organic acid was developed for the analysis of high performance liquid chromatography. The effect of species and amount of amendment acids, shaking time, methanol/water ratio, manure weight, and repeated times of extraction was investigated. It was optimized to amend 2.5 g citric acid and 1.1 g oxalic acid with 10.0 g manure sample in a 50-ml centrifuge tube and extract with 15 ml methanol/water (9:1 in volume) by vigorously shaking for 30 min in a reciprocating shaker. After centrifugation at 11,000 rpm, supernatant is collected. Sample was extracted for a total of 3 times. The developed extraction method was further applied to extract oxytetracycline from fresh and aged cow manure, swine and poultry manure, and soil. Satisfactory recoveries ranging from (84.1 ± 2.4) % to (102.0 ± 3.1) % were obtained, demonstrating that the optimized extraction method is robust for oxytetracycline from different manure sample matrixes.     

高压静电场对火电厂循环冷却水阻垢效果及机理

利用双通道工业循环冷却水分析测试台和高压静电水处理器,对火电厂的冷却水进行阻垢效果和机理研究。结果表明,施加工作电压2．0～4．0kV时,平均阻垢率随电压的升高而增大,达到61．7％,以后随着电压的升高平均阻垢率呈下降趋势,在7．5kV电压作用下平均阻垢率43．4％。对垢样晶体的SEM扫描图片表明,经高压静电场处理前的水垢晶体以方解石型硬垢为主,处理后发生了晶型转化,转化为文石型软垢,有利于垢的去除。     

高盐废水盐度对中度嗜盐菌生长动力学的影响

高盐废水盐度变化是影响微生物生长的重要因素之一。研究以中度嗜盐菌Halomonassp．STSY．3为例,测定其在不同盐度下生长对数期末OD600,并以葡萄糖为限制性基质,利用Monod方程,对菌株进行生长动力学拟合。结果表明,Halomonassp．STSY-3的最适生长盐度为7％（以NaCl计）,此盐度下其OD600 为2．56,而0%和34％盐度下OD600分别为0．47和0．06;Halomonassp．STSY-3的生长动力学模型与实验数据能较好地拟合,在最适生长盐度下动力学模型参数μmax 为2．257h-1,Ks为0．0082g／L。比较不同盐度下STSY-3生长动力学参数,得出中度嗜盐菌STSY-3的生长存在3个明显分区：最适盐度区（盐度2％～9％）、嗜盐过渡区（盐度9％～20％和0．68％～1．76％）及生长抑制区（盐度≤2％或≥20％）。其中嗜盐过渡区0．68％～1．76％由于范围较小,实际意义小,忽略不计。     

Reducing the pollution risk of pesticide using nano networks induced by irradiation and hydrothermal treatment

Traditional pesticides (TP) often do not adhere tightly to crop foliage. They can easily enter the surrounding environment through precipitation and volatilization. This can result in the pollution of the surrounding soil, water, and air. To reduce pesticide pollution, we developed a loss-control pesticide (LCP) by adding attapulgite with a nano networks structure fabricated using high energy electron beam (HEEB) irradiation and hydrothermal treatment to TP. HEEB irradiation effectively dispersed originally aggregated attapulgite through modified thermal, charge, and physical effects. Hydrothermal treatment further enhanced the dispersion of attapulgite to form nano porous networks via thermal and wet expansion effects, which are beneficial for pesticide binding. An LCP has improved retention on crop leaf surfaces. It has a higher adhesion capacity, reduced leaching and volatilization, and extended residual activity compared with the TP formulation. The treatment increases the residual activity of pesticides on crop foliage and decreases environmental pollution.     

高浊度钼矿浮选废水的混凝沉淀

针对某钼矿选矿厂浮选废水,以PAC、PFS和FeCl3为凝聚剂,以APAM-A和APAM-N为絮凝剂,以H2SO4和NaOH为pH调整剂,研究了不同混凝剂、不同pH值和不同水力条件下废水处理后的浊度和COD.实验结果表明,在最佳水力条件下,原水pH不调整,以APAM-A为絮凝剂,以PAC为凝聚剂,其用量分别为15 g/t,750g/t时,处理后上清液浊度为25 NTU,COD小于30 mg/L.浮选废水经处理后回用于选矿浮选流程,大大改善了选矿指标.     

高速列车纵向对称面气动噪声计算及外形优化

将大涡模拟法与Lighthill-Curle声学比拟理论相结合,计算了高速列车纵向对称面的气动噪声,探明了纵向对称面气动噪声的频谱特性及其变化规律,得出了车辆连接处的优化外形。结果表明,低频时,气动噪声幅值较大,随着频率升高,幅值下降。当列车运行速度一定时,距离气动噪声源越远,声压的衰减幅度越少。随着列车运行速度增加,距离气动噪声源越远,声压的增幅越小。脉动压力是气动噪声的源,在车辆连接处采用平滑的Nurbs曲线过渡,以减少列车运行过程中产生的脉动压力,能有效降低气动噪声。     

冶金高炉高温熔融处理垃圾飞灰

为了探讨冶金高炉处理垃圾飞灰的可能性,将一定量的垃圾飞灰作为造球原料通过快凝水泥固化制备冷固飞灰球团,模拟高炉温度、气氛条件对飞灰球团进行高温冶金性能实验研究,并采用X射线衍射仪对飞灰球团中物相变化进行了研究。结果表明:在造球原料里配入5%左右的飞灰通过水泥固化造出的球团能达到入炉要求;配入10%飞灰球团的高炉炉料的高温冶金性能变化不大,且能够保持高炉内的工作环境相对稳定,符合当前冶炼要求的炉内工程条件;在高温下飞灰中的重金属能有效还原固封,二恶英能有效分解,为垃圾飞灰的资源化处理开辟了新的途径。     

高低温试验能力验证常见不满意原因分析

测量审核和实验室间比对是能力验证计划的有效补充形式,是实验室或者检查机构用于实验室质量控制及申请CNAS认可的重要手段。本文随机抽取2010年～2012年低温试验测量审核与高温试验实验室间比对结果为不满意的报告各8份作为样本,进行原因分析,并给出技术建议,旨在让参加实验室在以后的相关试验中能规避常见问题,提高测试能力。