Influence of Environmental Contamination with PCBs on Human Health

Statistical data on different sicknesses have been processed to evaluate the dynamics of human health in Serpukhov City (an administrative centre in the Moscow region of Russia) and to estimate the contribution of ecological factors to the total level of morbidity. Chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) appear to be among the most dangerous contaminants of the ecosystem that includes the urban areas and those lands, which are actively used for vegetable production. A preliminary health risk calculation for PCBs has been done using soil contamination data. We estimated the share of cancer attributable to soil contamination with PCBs to be approximately 6% of the value of total cancer morbidity in Serpukhov. The highest level of soil pollution by PCBs occurred in the district of the city where the highest values of some other sicknesses also were located. The results of this study could be useful for decision-making and planning of environmental policy in the city.     

山东省人力资本空间结构的分形研究

本文试圈将分形理论及方法引入到区域人力资本空间结构的研究之中，首先利用马尔柯夫转移矩阵对山东省人力资本等级结构进行了预测，在这一基础上，计算出了1992年、1997年和2002年山东省人力资本空间结构的分维数。并对2007年的分维数进行了模拟，结果表明这一分维数不断下降。最后总结了山东省人力资本空间结构的特点。     

城市化与城市人居环境关系的定量研究--以大连市为例

本文以大连市为例．通过一系列的实证资料。建立数学模型．对城市化进程与城市人居环境的相互关系进行了研究，发现大连城市化水平与城市人居环境之间有很大的一致性．城市化水平越商，城市人居环境越好，反之，城市化水平越低，人居环境越差；并提出了大连城市发展的思路。     

中国可持续发展能力建设中人力资源开发研究

人力资源的开发是可持续发展能力建设的重要组成部分 ,也是国家财富存量的决定性因素。它涉及教育、培训、科技、扶贫、就业与劳动力转移、体制改革和国际合作等众多领域 ,直接影响到一个国家的可持续性。本文从实现国家可持续发展的目标出发 ,阐述了人力资源理论研究的进展 ,分析了中国人力资源能力建设的现状 ,并提出了相应的对策。     

Unusual prenatal presentation of Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome

When Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is detected prenatally, it is usually on the basis of macroglossia, exomphalos or enlarged kidneys. We describe a case that presented as gross hepatomegaly and a suspected enlarged pancreas at 20 weeks' gestation, with none of the usual features. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Farmers'''' Willingness-to-Pay for Environment and Human Health and Adoption of IPM

Although chemical control of pests increases crop production, it brings a lot of damage to environment and human health. There exist a number of alternative methods that are not so harmful to environment and human health. However, whether and how much in extent these technologies adopted are plausible depends on the comparison of benefit-cost between chemical control and the alternative control methods (such as Integrated Pest Management, IPM) and farmers' willingness-to-pay (WTP) for envirorment and human health. Using contingent valuation method (CVM), the author investigates farmers' WTP for environment and human health, recognizes the factors influencing WTP, and accordingly points out the importance of pest control technology extension and government regulation of pesticides.     

“半个地球”愿景下的保护地识别——基于全球主要优先保护模块

设立保护地是保护生物多样性的最有效举措。“半个地球”愿景提出将50%的面积纳入保护地,并有效保护85%的物种,是全球生态保护的目标。IUCN保护地分类系统是国际通用的标准,一系列优先保护模块研究则对保护地的识别进行着探索。本文旨在通过对这些模块的保护目标、识别标准等进行分析,为保护地科学识别提供合理参考。主要结论如下:（1）物种、栖息地与人类活动是各模块的主要考虑要素,识别标准包括物种丰富度、生境转变率、人类活动强度等;（2）各模块对生境转变率的考虑有“亡羊补牢”和“未雨绸缪”两种思路,对人类活动强度的考虑有直接和间接之分;（3）各模块分布面积占比在5.77%~25.32%之间,总范围占全球陆表的55.59%,超过了“半个地球”愿景的目标比例。     

Confronting a Surfeit of People: Reducing Global Human Numbers to Sustainable Levels An Essay on Population Two Centuries after Malthus

It has become increasingly evident over the past several decades that there is a growing tension between two seemingly irreconcilable trends: (1) moderate to conservative demographic projections that world population size could easily reach 9 billion (or more) by the mid-to-late twenty-first century; and (2) prudent and increasingly reliable scientific estimates suggesting that the Earth's long-term sustainable carrying capacity (at an 'adequate to comfortable' standard of living) may not be much greater than 2–3 billion. I therefore argue that it is now time – indeed, past time – to develop and implement a set of well-conceived, clearly articulated, broadly equitable and internationally coordinated sociopolitical initiatives that go beyond merely slowing the growth – or even the stabilization – of global human numbers. After summarizing a number of 'inescapable realities' that the human species must soon confront, and notwithstanding the considerable difficulties involved in establishing rational and defensible global population optimums, I conclude with several suggestions relevant to the next logical step: how best to bring about a very significant reduction in global population size over the next two to three centuries. To the extent that there is still time to choose whether this dramatic decrease will be under conscious control or essentially chaotic, these proposals are cautiously optimistic.