Removal of humic substances by biosorption

Fungal pellets of Aspergillus niger 405,Aspergillus ustus 326,and Stachybotrys sp.1103 were used for the removal of humic substances from aqueous solutions.Batchwise biosorption,carried out at pH 6 and 25°C,was monitored spectrophotometrically and the process described with Freundlich’s model.Calculated sorption coeffcients Kf and n showed that A.niger exhibited the highest effciency.A good match between the model and experimental data and a high correlation coeffcient(R2)pointed out to judicious choice of ...     

腐殖酸钠对钙、镁离子吸附效果的研究

实验研究了腐殖酸钠混合液对钙、镁离子的吸附性能。高温条件下由草炭和NaOH制取的腐殖酸钠混合液,吸附水中的钙镁离子,结果发现：随着混合液用量的增加,其对钙镁离子的去除效率增加。当混合液用量为8ml时,二者的吸附效率均在88％以上,其中对镁离子的去除率可达100％,而且由于钙镁离子具有相同的核外电子层结构及类似的化学性质,因此混合液对钙镁离子的去除效果类似,表明腐殖酸钠混合液对钙镁离子具有极好的去除效果,可广泛应用于处理含钙镁离子的污水。     

腐殖质的光化学降解及其对环境污染物环境行为的影响

腐殖质是地表环境中最重要的有机组分,也是生态环境中最主要的吸光物质之一,对环境污染物的形态、迁移、毒性和生物可利用性有着重要的影响。文章综述了腐殖质的结构特征和光化学降解反应过程和机理,指出腐殖质的光敏化和光化学降解过程对环境污染物的环境行为和归宿有重要的影响。通常,腐殖质的光敏化作用在低质量浓度下,尤其在一定铁离子的协同作用下可促进有机污染物的降解,但高质量浓度的腐殖质由于其本身的吸光作用以及参与自由基的竞争则抑制有机污染物的降解。腐殖质的光化学降解过程降低了环境体系的pH和腐殖质的分子量、破坏了腐殖质的芳环结构、改变了紫外和可见光区域的吸收等,导致其与重金属离子和有机污染物结合能力的下降,造成水体或颗粒态中游离的污染物质量浓度增加,对生态系统将造成更大的危害。目前对腐殖质和环境污染物本身的光化学降解机理已较为清晰,今后应加强对自然水体或土壤系统中腐殖质光化学降解的影响因素,腐殖质光化学降解过程中结构特性的变化机理,以及腐殖质的结构特性与环境污染物结合性质之间的构效关系等方面的研究。特别是随着平流层臭氧空洞的增加,增强了到达地球表面的紫外线强度,研究紫外线增强对腐殖质和有机污染物的降解以及对生态系统的影响可进一步深刻理解太阳光辐射对污染物环境行为和归宿的影响。     

臭氧-生物活性炭对微污染原水中典型持久性有机物的去除效果

以长三角地区J市典型有机微污染水源P水厂为研究对象,考察了臭氧-生物活性炭深度处理工艺对微污染水源水中有机物的去除效果.结果表明,臭氧-生物活性炭深度处理使高锰酸盐指数、总有机碳(TOC)和UV254的平均去除率分别提升19. 2%、10. 4%和23. 0%.水厂原水中检出8种多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon,PAHs)、16种有机氯农药(organochlorine pesticides,OCPs)、5种卤乙酸(haloacetic acids,HAAs),其总浓度分别为53. 9~100. 0、6. 5~41. 8、2. 5×103~1. 1×104ng·L~(-1),臭氧-生物活性炭深度处理对多环芳烃和有机氯农药的平均去除率分别为32. 5%和25. 9%,比常规处理工艺出水的水质有显著提升.卤乙酸的去除率为33. 8%~87. 0%,主要通过常规处理工艺去除;臭氧-生物活性炭深度处理对氯代乙酸略有去除,溴代乙酸有少量生成.     

水质对UV/H_2O_2降解2,4-二氯酚的影响

研究了UV/H2O2工艺对2,4-二氯酚(2,4-DCP)的去除效果和水中阴离子、腐殖酸对该工艺降解2,4-DCP的影响。结果表明:UV/H2O2工艺可以有效的去除水中2,4-DCP,光降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型;在H2O2投加量为8mg/L,1个30W低压汞灯照射下,2,4-DCP在蒸馏水和自来水中光降解速率常数分别为0.0232/min和0.0162/min;NO3-、Cl-、HCO3-对2,4-DCP光降解有抑制作用;当3种离子浓度为0.5mmol/L、10mmol/L、20mmol/L时,对2,4-DCP光降解的抑制程度为HCO3->NO3->Cl-;随着离子浓度增大,抑制作用增强;自来水中的光降解速率常数低于蒸馏水中的光降解速率常数是由于水中多种离子影响的结果;腐殖酸在低浓度时,促进光降解反应的进行,在高浓度时,2,4-DCP的光降解氧化受到抑制。     

应用XAD系列树脂分离和富集天然水体中溶解有机质的研究进展

溶解有机质(dissolvedorganicmatter,DOM)是一类由腐殖质和非腐殖质构成的非均质混合物,广泛存在于土壤、煤炭和水体中,产生重要的生态环境效应。溶解有机质中相似组分的分离一直是有机质研究的难点。近年来,随着XAD树脂分离技术在DOM分离中的广泛应用,腐殖质和非腐殖质的分离取得了很大进展,文章对这些方法进行了详细的综述,并做了进一步的展望。     

Effect of humic substances on the precipitation of calcium phosphate

For phosphorus （P） recovery from wastewater, the effect of humic substances （HS） on the precipitation of calcium phosphate was studied. Batch experiments of calcium phosphate precipitation were undertaken with synthetic water that contained 20 mg/L phosphate （as P） and 20 mg/L HS （as dissolved organic carbon, DOC） at a constant pH value in the range of 8.0-10.0. The concentration variations of phosphate, calcium （Ca） and HS were measured in the precipitation process; the crystalline state and compositions of the precipitates were analysed by powder X-ray diffraction （XRD） and chemical methods, respectively. It showed that at solution pH 8.0, the precipitation rate and removal efficiency of phosphate were greatly reduced by HS, but at solution pH ≥9.0, the effect of HS was very small. The Ca consumption for the precipitation of phosphate increased when HS was added; HS was also removed from solution with the precipitation of calcium phosphate. At solution pH 8.0 and HS concentrations ≤3.5 mg/L, and at pH ≥ 9.0 and HS concentrations ≤ 10 mg/L, the final precipitates were proved to be hydroxyapatite （HAP） by XRD. The increases of solution pH value and initial Ca/P ratio helped reduce the influence of HS on the precipitation of phosphate.     

新型全氟化合物——全氟烷基磷酸对环境影响的研究综述

全氟烷基磷酸是一种新型全氟化表面活性剂,被广泛应用于匀染剂、湿润剂和农药中的消泡添加剂等。在美国,基于对其潜在毒性的考虑,美国环境保护总署已禁止全氟烷基磷酸在粮食作物农药中使用。从全氟烷基磷酸的注册使用情况、结构与环境行为、环境介质中的浓度水平和生物暴露毒性等方面分别展开论述,旨在为中国开展该类物质的环境研究提供可借鉴依据。     

Stabilization effects of surplus soft clay with cement and GBF slag

Utilization of industrial waste and surplus construction soft clay as construction material was recommended, and many attempts at geotechnical waste utilization were undertaken. This study aimed at the application of cement and a kind of industrial wastes, i.e. granulated blast furnace slag, on stabilization of surplus soft clay. The results showed that the cement and slag can successfully stabilize Ariake clays even though this high organic clay fails to be stabilized by lime and cement. Addition of slag in cement for stabilization induces higher strength than cement alone for longer curing time. The application of the cement with slag is more suitable than cement alone for stabilization because of economical consideration.     

腐殖酸-重金属对ANAMMOX菌脱氮性能的影响及其动力学分析

通过批次实验研究了两种典型重金属离子[Cu（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）]与腐殖酸对厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMOX）脱氮效果（SAA）的影响并进行了动力学模型分析,同时探讨了腐殖酸-重金属对ANAMMOX脱氮的影响.结果表明,在投加ρ[Cu（Ⅱ）]和ρ[Ni（Ⅱ）]均为3mg·L^-1时,对ANAMMOX有促进作用,SAA分别提高了8.64%和7.78%;当ρ[Cu（Ⅱ）]和ρ[Ni（Ⅱ）]分别为20mg·L^-1和5mg·L^-1时则对ANAMMOX有抑制作用,抑制效果随重金属离子浓度增加而越发显著,指数拟合表明Cu（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）对ANAMMOX的IC50分别为29.67mg·L^-1和28.75mg·L^-1.在投加ρ（腐殖酸）为1mg·L^-1时SAA提高了7.37%, 40mg·L^-1时抑制率即达到36.80%,线性拟合表明腐殖酸对ANAMMOX菌的IC50为58.36mg·L^-1.修正的Michaelis-Menten模型能较...