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201.
透水事故是井下常发灾害之一。为满足井下紧急避险要求,救生舱不仅要具备持续耐高水压的能力,而且还需保持良好的水密性。为了检验救水舱的水密及承压性能,应用ANSYS模拟软件对舱体应力变化进行了数值模拟,确定了舱体应力值可能偏大的区域,进而选定了现场试验应变监测点;通过水压试验中心现场试验,制定详细升压方案,观察及分析试验现场和试验应变数据。实验结果表明,救生舱在外界水压达到3MPa的情况下,舱体未发生渗漏及明显变形,救生舱水密及承压性能良好。 相似文献
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对西南地区某页岩气田压裂返排液进行了分析,在此基础上采用双效机械蒸汽再压缩(MVR)系统对其进行处理,建立了完整的计算模型,并对影响系统的主要参数进行了探讨。压裂返排液分析结果表明:蒸发浓缩液黏度与相同浓度氯化钠溶液的黏度相近,可排除因有机物富集导致其在蒸发器内壁附着而影响传热系数及堵塞蒸发器的可能。模型计算结果表明:进料含盐率由2%增至6%时,压缩机比功耗与压缩机进气量的降幅均小于4.0%,两效蒸发器面积分别减小约4.3%和18.5%;传热温差由4℃升至8℃时,压缩机比功耗增加约51.0%,两效蒸发器面积均减小约49.6%;在系统安全运行的前提下,提高蒸发温度可降低系统能耗。 相似文献
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The use of best management practices to respond to externalities from developing shale gas resources
Terence J. Centner Nicholas S. Eberhart 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(4):746-768
The public is concerned that activities accompanying hydraulic fracturing in the development of shale gas resources are unnecessarily adversely affecting them and the environment and is petitioning elected representatives to take actions to reduce risks. The health risks associated with fracturing chemicals and air pollutants are relatively unknown and constitute the impetus for public concern. An evaluation of state legal and regulatory provisions regarding best management practices discloses that states are not adopting timely regulations to protect people and the environment from activities accompanying hydraulic fracturing. Simultaneously, regulatory policy concerning negative externalities suggests that governments underinvest in the protection of human health and environmental quality. Governments have choices in protecting people from dangers that accompany shale gas development. Due to the risks of injuries and unpaid damages from shale gas development, governmental policies need to evolve to accord people greater health protection. 相似文献
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Brian D. Fox Brian P. Bledsoe Eleanor Kolden Matthew C. Kondratieff Christopher A. Myrick 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(2):420-442
Whitewater parks (WWPs) typically consist of instream structures that enhance recreational boating by constricting flow into a steep chute that generates a hydraulic jump in a downstream pool. Concerns have been raised that high velocities resulting from WWPs may be inhibiting fish movement during critical life stages. We evaluated the effects of WWPs on upstream fish passage by concurrently monitoring fish movement and hydraulic conditions at three WWP structures and three adjacent natural control (CR) sites in a wadeable river in northern Colorado. Fish movement was tracked with a network of Passive Integrated Transponder antennas over a 14‐month period. Individual fishes (n = 1,639), including brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), were tagged and released within WWP and CR sites. Detailed hydraulic conditions occurring during the study period were evaluated with a fully 3D model. Results reveal the WWPs monitored in this study are not a complete barrier to upstream salmonid movement, but differences in passage efficiency from release location range from 29 to 44% in WWP sites and 37 to 63% for CR sites and the suppression of movement is related to body length. Small numbers of monitored nonsalmonids were inadequate to directly observe effects on their movement; however, it is highly probable that movement of smaller native fishes is also suppressed. Hydraulic modeling helps in the design of WWP structures that protect fish passage. 相似文献
209.
受三峡蓄水的影响,长江中下游水文生态系统发生明显变化,导致四大家鱼产卵适宜度下降以及像中华鲟这类生殖洄游性鱼类鱼卵孵化率降低。建设人工鱼礁是缓解长江渔业资源衰退、保护长江物种多样性、保持长江渔业可持续发展的一项重要措施。基于水槽模型实验,以透空正六面体型人工鱼礁为研究对象,将鱼礁块体与护岸相结合铺设在河道岸坡上,构成鱼礁型生态护岸。通过对鱼礁型护岸周围水面线及水流流速等水力特性进行测量分析,得到了鱼礁型护岸的鱼类产卵场水力因子。结果表明:在长江中下游河道两岸铺设透空型人工鱼礁其周围水流流速可维持在0.84~1 m/s之间,处于四大家鱼产卵繁殖最适宜的流速范围内;且由于鱼礁的存在,使岸坡附近水流流速梯度增大并产生上升流及背涡流等一些复杂的水流流态,这些水力因素又刺激了四大家鱼的交配活动,增加鱼类的产卵量。 相似文献
210.
Sibo Chen Shane Gunster 《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2016,10(3):305-321
ABSTRACTThis paper examines the provincial government of British Columbia's recent proposal of building a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) industry, in which natural gas extracted through hydraulic fracturing will be liquefied and then exported to Asian markets. Drawing upon the growing literature on energopower, petro-state, and petro-culture, selected texts and images from “LNG in BC”—the project's official branding website—were analyzed through a multimodal critical discourse analysis. The results reveal two primary strategies of legitimation: the first emphasizes the economic benefits of LNG development in terms of employment and taxation revenues; the second defines LNG as a means of strengthening B.C.’s environmental leadership. The second narrative depends heavily upon the symbolic values of natural gas, contrasting its “clean” appearance (as a colorless and odorless gas) with the material density and “toxic sensuality” of other “dirty” fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and bitumen). The website also presents a linear and simplified “storyline” of the generation of LNG which emphasizes the simple, “clean” process of liquefaction to distract attention from the ecological and health risks of hydraulic fracturing. 相似文献