EVALUATING THE INFLUENCE OF SOURCE BASINS ON DOWNSTREAM WATER QUALITY IN THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER1

ABSTRACT: Chemical variability in the Mississippi River during water years 1989 to 1998 was evaluated using stream discharge and water‐quality data in conjunction with the DAFLOW/BLTM hydraulic model. Model simulations were used to identify subbasin contributions of water and chemical constituents to the Mississippi River upstream from its confluence with the Ohio and the Mississippi River and at the Atchafalaya Diversion in Louisiana. Concentrations of dissolved solids, sodium, and sulfate at the Thebes site showed a general decreasing trend, and concentrations of silica and nitrate showed a general increasing trend as the percentage of discharge from the Mississippi River upstream from Grafton increased. Concentrations of most chemical constituents in the Mississippi River at the Atchafalaya Diversion exhibited a decreasing trend as the percentage of water from the Ohio River increased. Regression models were used to evaluate the importance of the source of water to the water chemistry in the Mississippi River at Thebes and the Atchafalaya Diversion. The addition of terms in regression equations to account for the percent of water from sub‐basins improved coefficients of determination for predicting chemical concentrations by as much as nine percent at the Thebes site and by as much as 48 percent at the Atchafalaya Diversion site. The addition of source‐water terms to regression equations increased the estimated annual loads of nitrate and silica delivered from the Mississippi River Basin to the Gulf of Mexico by as much as 14 and 13 percent, respectively.     

水力旋流沉淀器在精对苯二甲酸废水处理中的应用

阐述了新型SXD水力旋流沉淀器的工作原理及结构特点，并从理论和实际应用两方面分析了影响水力旋流器处理效果的因素，评价了其在精对苯二甲酸废水处理中的性能。     

压裂返排废液达标排放的实验研究

油田压裂返排废液由于所含添加剂种类繁多,有机成分复杂,使CODCr值高而处理难度大。本试验以港深11-8井为研究对象,通过大量室内试验,最终采用“混凝—萃取—微电解—活性炭吸附—催化氧化—生化”六步法处理废水。试验结果表明,原水的CODCr从6460 mg/L降至90 mg/L,达到一级排放标准。     

GEOSTATISTICAL ESTIMATION OF HORIZONTAL HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY FOR THE KIRKWOOD‐COHANSEY AQUIFER1

ABSTRACT: The Kirkwood‐Cohansey aquifer has been identified as a critical source for meeting existing and expected water supply needs for southern New Jersey. Several contaminated sites exist in the region; their impact on the aquifer has to be evaluated using ground water flow and transport models. Ground water modeling depends on availability of measured hydrogeologic data (e.g., hydraulic conductivity, for parameterization of the modeling runs). However, field measurements of such critical data have inadequate spatial density, and their locations are often clustered. The goal of this study was to research, compile, and geocode existing data, then use geostatistics and advanced mapping methods to develop a map of horizontal hydraulic conductivity for the Kirkwood‐Cohansey aquifer. Spatial interpolation of horizontal hydraulic conductivity measurements was performed using the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) Method implemented in the BMELib code library. This involved the integration of actual measurements with soft information on likely ranges of hydraulic conductivity at a given location to obtain estimate maps. The estimation error variance maps provide an insight into the uncertainty associated with the estimates, and indicate areas where more information on hydraulic conductivity is required.     

HYDRAULIC GEOMETRY AND STREAM CHANNEL BEHAVIOR: A UNCERTAIN LINK1

ABSTRACT: The at-a-station hydraulic geometry of stream channels can serve as a predictor of alluvial stream channel behavior. This geometry is the empirical relations describing changes in water surface width, mean depth, and mean velocity with changing discharge. The exponent values are correlated with channel morphology and behavior such as scour and fill, flow resistance, bank resistance, and competence. Channel behavior and morphology are apparently related, but some causes for effects are uncertain. Several studies, using empirical and theoretical bases, are reviewed here to illustrate the relation between hydraulic geometry and channel behavior, but the relations are not always consistent. Hydraulic geometry variables are easy to measure and readily available, but they do not always reflect what may be more important ones such as turbulence, the velocity distribution profile, and distribution and cohesion of sediment particles. This paper illustrates some of these problems, provides some solutions, and addresses need for more work to better predict stream channel behavior from hydraulic geometry     

水力跌水对硬化河道水体复氧效果的研究

采用硬化河道水力跌水复氧小试装置,研究了跌水高度、跌水流量、跌水深度、进水DO浓度等因素对硬化河道水力跌水复氧效果的影响。试验结果表明,跌水高度为0.6 m条件下水力跌水对硬化河道水体的复氧效果,优于跌水高度为0.2 m和0.4 m时的复氧效果;跌水流量为150 L/h条件下水力跌水复氧效果,优于跌水流量为50 L/h和100 L/h时的复氧效果;跌水深度为0.4 m条件下水力跌水复氧效果优于跌水深度为0.2 m时的复氧效果。水力跌水措施对硬化河道水体的复氧效果整体上与跌水高度、跌水流量、跌水深度呈正相关,与进水DO浓度呈负相关。     

四柱式液压拉深机参数的快速确定方法

对快速确定液压拉深机力学参数、运动学参数和几何参数方法进行了系统的讨论 ,以便于液压拉深机用户可以方便快捷地根据拟开发的新产品 ,快速合理地确定液压拉深机参数及正确选用机型。     

在不同地质条件下污染河水对其附近流域地下水化学环境的影响

河水污染会对河道两侧的地下水造成污染。选定泰安市的 2条主要河道 ,其中一处河床主要是由透水性较差的粉土组成 ,去除污染物能力较强。而另一处河床主要是由中粗砂组成 ,透水性较强 ,去除污染物能力较差。得出了不同地质条件下河水对附近地下水的影响规律、河床附近地下水的化学变化特征和河水与地下水之间的水力联系 ,同时也为河道污染带的确定提供了一定理论依据。     

生物稳定塘水流特征的研究

对生物稳定塘水流特征的研究方法及一些有关问题进行了探讨,通过模型试验及理论分析,对方形塘、廊道形塘及多级塘的水流特征进行了研究,结果表明,流速是影响塘水流特征的重要因素;为改善塘水流特征而加设导流隔板的数目是一个可优化参数;方形塘与廊道形塘的水流特征不同;多级塘的水流特征优于廊道形塘。     

二氧化碳致裂技术在煤矿安全生产中的应用

本文介绍了二氧化碳致裂技术的主要装置特点及其工作原理,并以152掘进巷道作为主要的研究对象,针对巷道的掘进消突中二氧化碳致裂技术的应用进行探讨。结果表明:基于二氧化碳气体相变原理致裂爆破技术方式,在致裂期间不会产生火花,同时具有运输安全和操作方便等优点,有利于降低安全风险,提升煤矿的安全生产水平。