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51.
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53.
The number and distribution of pollutant concentration in a trapezoidal open channel flow with a side discharge is calculated
and effects of the bank gradient are investigated in this paper. A sigma-coordinate water quality numerical model is used
to simulate the process of both water and pollutant transportation in the trapezoidal channel open flow. The diffusion coefficient
used in the prediction is determined by two methods including constant coefficient and the depth-averaged k-epsilon turbulence
closure model. The change of the concentration with the bank gradient is acquired based on the simulation of cases with different
bank gradients. An analytical formula is derived by using the mirror image method and related diffusion theories, ignoring
the discharge momentum and the influence of the opposite bank. The formula can predict the number and distribution of pollutant
concentration with some acceptable errors. The results demonstrate that the bank gradient has great influence on the concentration
distribution which will decrease with the increase of the bank gradient approximately following a hyperbolic law. 相似文献
54.
“引黄入呼”取水口动态性水环境容量计算 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对黄河呼和浩特段沿线水体持续污染为"引黄入呼"取水口带来的水环境质量问题,采用MIKE三维水动力和水质耦合模型,进行了"引黄入呼"取水口水环境容量动态性研究,这对取水口水安全与上游排污能力协调、稳定推进呼和浩特市饮用水的健康运行具有重要意义.结果表明:按照90%供水保证率进行计算,黄河呼和浩特段"引黄入呼"取水口处可以满足"引黄入呼"取水需求,流量剩余量在结冰枯水期可达5250%,丰水期可达42500%;黄河呼和浩特段"引黄入呼"取水口处DO、NH_4~+-N、NO_3~-、BOD、TP、FC、COD均可满足《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)Ⅲ类标准中的相关限值,整体水体状况良好,都具有一定的容量,NH_4~+-N、NO_3~-、BOD、TP、FC剩余容量较大,COD容量较小但DO容量较大,经分析,目前没有富营养化、藻类大量繁殖等不良趋势发生,短时间内容量较为稳定;DO、NO_3~-、FC、TP水环境容量通年较为平稳,分别在1.97 mg·L~(-1)、6.25 mg·L~(-1)、9327个·g-1、0.12 mg·L~(-1)附近波动;NH_4~+-N、BOD、COD最小水环境容量分别出现在4月(0.27 mg·L~(-1))、9月(0.70 mg·L~(-1))、6月(0.20 mg·L~(-1)),最大水环境容量均出现在7月,分别为0.72、2.80、7.57 mg·L~(-1). 相似文献
55.
采用一体化A/O移动床生物膜法工艺,以模拟生活污水研究了该工艺的除碳脱氮效果,并对一体化移动床生物膜反应器的好氧区和缺氧区各纵向断面的COD、DO、NH3-N、TN、NO-3-N和NO-2-N进行了检测,通过对缺氧区各断面的DO和TN浓度分布情况,分析了脱氮的产生过程。试验结果表明: 在水力停留时间HRT=12 h,好氧区DO保持5 mg/L左右,COD进水浓度处于250~400 mg/L时,COD的去除率均在90%以上,且出水COD均在40 mg/L以下;TN进水浓度为20~50 mg/L时,NH3-N去除率高于90%,其出水浓度可达到5 mg/L以下,脱氮效率也较高,TN去除率可达到65%~85%。COD和NH3-N的浓度分布状况表明该一体化A/O移动床生物膜反应器的流态趋于全混式。 相似文献
56.
Ali Ercan M. Levent Kavvas Kara Carr Zachary Hockett Hossein Bandeh Timothy D. Mussen Dennis Cocherell Jamilynn B. Poletto Joseph J. Cech Jr. Nann A. Fangue 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(2):431-441
Most of the water diversions on the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers (California, United States) and their tributaries are currently unscreened. These unscreened diversions are commonly used for irrigation and are potentially harmful to migrating and resident fishes. A large flume (test section: 18.29 m long, 3.05 m wide and 3.20 m high) was used to investigate the hydraulic fields near an unscreened water diversion under ecologically and hydraulically relevant diversion rates and channel flow characteristics. We investigated all combinations of three diversion rates (0.28, 0.42, and 0.57 m3/s) and three sweeping velocities (0.15, 0.38, and 0.61 m/s), with one additional test at 0.71 m3/s and 0.15 m/s. We measured the three‐dimensional velocity field at seven cross sections near a diversion pipe and constructed regression equations of the observed maximum velocities near the pipe. Because the velocity components in three directions (longitudinal, transverse, and vertical) were significantly greater near the diversion pipe inlet compared with those farther from it, they cannot be neglected in the modeling and design of fish guidance and protection devices for diversion pipes. Our results should be of great value in quantifying the hydraulic fields that are formed around fish guidance devices to design more effective protection for fishes from entrainment into unscreened water‐diversion pipes. 相似文献
57.
58.
Wen‐Cheng Liu Ming‐Hsi Hsu Albert Y. Kuo Ming‐Hsu Li 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2001,37(5):1405-1416
ABSTRACT: A vertical (laterally integrated) two‐dimensional numerical model has been applied to study the hydrodynamic characteristics and salt water intrusion in the Tanshui River estuarine system. The cross‐sectional profiles measured in 1978 and 1994 are schematized for model simulations. Detailed model calibration and verification have been conducted with water surface elevations, tidal current, salinity distributions, and residual velocities measured. The overall performance of the model is in qualitative agreement with the available field data. The model was then used to study how hydrodynamics and salt water intrusion change in response to changes in bathymetry. The model simulations indicate that more tidal energy propagates into the estuarine system in 1994 because of the substantial increase in river cross‐sections. The limits of salt intrusion in 1994 extended farther inland than those in 1978. On the other hand, the extent of mangrove wetland in the lower estuary has increased over the past 20 years and is likely a result of the increased salinity in the estuary. 相似文献
59.
Effects of hydrodynamics processes on phosphorus fluxes
from sediment in large, shallow Taihu Lake 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
YOU Ben-sheng ZHONG Ji-cheng FAN Cheng-xin WANG Tong-cheng ZHANG Lu DING Shi-ming 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(9):1055-1060
The turnover of phosphorus (P) in lake sediments, a major cause of eutrophication and subsequent deterioration of water quality, is in need of deep understanding. In this study, effects of resuspension on P release were studied in cylindrical microcosms with Yshape apparatus. The results indicated that there was a positive correlation between flux of suspended substance across sediment-water interface (Fss) and the wind speed, and an increasing Fss during each wind process followed by a steady state. The maximal Fss under fight, moderate, and strong wind conditions were 299.9±41.1,573.4±61.7, and 2093.8±215.7 g/m^2, respectively. However, flux of P across sediment-water interface (Fp) did not follow a similar pattern as Fss responding to wind intensity, which increased and reached the maximum in initial 120 rain for fight wind, then decreased gradually, with maximal flux of 9.4±1.9 mg/m^2. A rapid increase of Fp at the first 30 rain was observed under moderate wind, with maximal flux of 11.2±0.6 mg/m^2. Surprisingly, strong wind caused less Fp than under light and moderate wind conditions with maximal flux of 3.5±0.9 mg/m^2. Fss in water column declined obviously during the sedimentation process after winds, but Fp varied with wind regime. No obvious difference was detected on Fp after 8 h sedimentation process, compared with the initial value, which means little redundant P left in the water column after winds. 相似文献
60.
Craig J. Allan Christopher J. Estes 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2005,41(1):123-133
ABSTRACT: Naturally formed plunge pools (scour holes) are a common morphologic feature in many urban stream systems where the transition between a pipe and a natural channel occurs. Plunge pools serve as significant stream energy dissipaters, increasing flow resistance and enhancing stream channel stability. Such features may also improve habitat diversity and serve as refugia for stream biota during low flow periods. The morphologic characteristics of several naturally formed plunge pools associated with road crossing culvert outlets in the metropolitan Charlotte, North Carolina, area are presented. Plunge pool dimensions surveyed include maximum depth, length, and width, and longitudinal and side slopes as well as bed material. Culvert outlet dimensions and hydraulic characteristics of the scouring jet for each study site are also reported. Design equations developed from flume studies generally failed to predict the naturally formed plunge pool dimensions. Pool volume was significantly correlated with drainage area, with pool depth being the least sensitive dimension to changes in the magnitude of the scouring flow. The excavation costs for designed plunge pools compare favorably to initial construction costs of traditional culvert outlet riprap aprons. 相似文献