印染工业园区污水处理工程的运行及完善探讨

本文对某印染工业园区的混合废水处理装置开展了连续两年的运行调查,并对其进行了完善和提标改造的技术探讨。研究表明,污水处理装置的出水氨氮、总磷达标,BOD5、色度接近排放标准,而CODCr、SS难以达到一级排放要求。在现有工艺流程条件下对出水进行砂滤和二氧化氯强氧化能够保证出水达到一级A排放标准。     

纳米Cu2O/珍珠贝壳复合光催化材料的制备与表征

以煅烧后的珍珠贝壳为载体,采用原位水解法制备出纳米Cu2O/珍珠贝壳复合光催化材料.通过活性大红染料B-3G的脱色实验对光催化材料的活性进行讨论,并采用XRD、SEM、EDS、FT-IR和UV-Vis对材料进行表征.结果表明,以1050℃煅烧的珍珠贝壳为载体制备的纳米Cu2O/珍珠贝壳复合材料的光催化活性最强.Cu2O...     

“水解酸化+接触氧化”工艺在小型企业中成药废水处理中的应用

介绍了"水解酸化+接触氧化"工艺处理具有污染物浓度高、水质水量波动大等特点的某小型企业中药废水实际工程。监测数据表明该工艺处理效果稳定、可靠,出水指标达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》医药原料药二级标准。     

Theoretical insights into the degradation mechanisms, kinetics and eco-toxicity of oxcarbazepine initiated by OH radicals in aqueous environments

As an anticonvulsant, oxcarbazepine (OXC) has attracted considerable attention for its potential threat to aquatic organisms. Density functional theory has been used to study the mechanisms and kinetics of OXC degradation initiated by OH radicals in aqueous environment. A total of fourteen OH-addition pathways were investigated, and the addition to the C8 position of the right benzene ring was the most vulnerable pathway, resulting in the intermediate IM8. The H-abstraction reactions initiated by OH radicals were also explored, where the extraction site of the methylene group (C14) on the seven-member carbon heterocyclic ring was found to be the optimal path. The calculations show that the total rate constant of OXC with OH radicals is 9.47 × 10⁹ (mol/L)⁻¹sec⁻¹, and the half-life time is 7.32 s at 298 K with the [·OH] of 10⁻¹¹ mol/L. Moreover, the branch ratio values revealed that OH-addition (89.58%) shows more advantageous than H-abstraction (10.42%). To further understand the potential eco-toxicity of OXC and its transformation products to aquatic organisms, acute toxicity and chronic toxicity were evaluated using ECOSAR software. The toxicity assessment revealed that most degradation products such as OXC-2OH, OXC-4OH, OXC-1O-1OOH, and OXC-1OH' are innoxious to fish and daphnia. Conversely, green algae are more sensitive to these compounds. This study can provide an extensive investigation into the degradation of OXC by OH radicals and enrich the understanding of the aquatic oxidation processes of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs).     

水解(酸化)工艺预处理难降解有机废水应用技术分析

本文对水解(酸化)工艺进行了原理分析,论述了该工艺的优缺点,以及对后续工艺的影响.分析论述了该工艺对几种典型的难降解有机废水的降解机理.认为水解(酸化)作为难降解有机废水的预处理工艺具有很高的推广应用价值.     

Purification and Properties of a Poly (β-hydroxybutyrate) Depolymerase From Penicillium sp.

An extracellular poly (β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase was purified from a Penicillium sp. DS9701-09a by centrifugation, ultrafiltration, precipitation and gel filtration chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 37.9-folds higher than that of the culture supernatant and the recovery yield was 11.8%. The PHB deploymerase molecular mass was 44.8 kDa from analysis of both Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Matrix-assisted laser desorption-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometer. The isoelectric point of 6.7 for the enzyme was determined by a two-dimensional electrophoresis. The optimum enzyme activity was observed at a temperature of 50 °C and pH 5.0. The apparent K _m of the enzyme was found to be 1.35 mg/mL. The PHB depolymerase consisted of 16 kinds of normal amino acids. The secondary structure of the enzyme was determined by CD spectrum. α-helix and β-turn were found to be 66% and 34% for the enzyme without ammonium sulphite. Chemical inhibition on the PHB depolymerase activity was examined and EDTA was found to have a significantly inhibitory effect.     

水解酸化-缺氧法处理采油废水的污染物迁移降解试验研究

水解酸化．缺氧法对采油废水有较好的处理效果，采用GC／MS技术对水解酸化-缺氧法处理采油废水过程中污染物的迁移降解进行的研究表明：水解酸化段和缺氧段对采油废水中碳原子为C6-C9、分子量为100—140的有机物均有较好的降解能力。其中，在水解酸化段中酮类、芳烃得到较好的降解，缺氧段中酚类和醚类化合物降解明显。水解酸化-缺氧工艺对于采油废水中的甲苯和二甲苯具有较好的降解能力。     

Combination effect of pH and acetate on enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis

The productivity and efficiency of cellulase are significant in cellulose hydrolysis. With the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), the pH value in anaerobic digestion system is reduced. Therefore, this study will find out how the pH and the amount of acetate influence the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. The effects of pH and acetate on cellulase produced from Bacillus coagulans were studied at various pH 5-8, and acetate concentrations (0-60 mmol/L). A batch kinetic model for enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis was constructed from experimental data and performed. The base hypothesis was as follows: the rates of enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis rely on pH and acetate concentration. The results showed that the suitable pH range for cellulase production and cellulose hydrolysis (represents efficiency of cellulase) was 2.6-7.5, and 5.3-8.3, respectively. Moreover, acetate in the culture medium had an effect on cellulase production (K1= 49.50 mmol/L, n=1.7) less than cellulose hydrolysis (K1=37.85 mmol/L, n=2.0). The results indicated that both the pH of suspension and acidogenic products influence the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose in an anaerobic environment. To enhance the cellulose hydrolysis rate, the accumulated acetate concentration should be lower than 25 mmol/L, and pH should be maintained at 7.     

基于批式呼吸计量法的溶解性COD组分划分

利用批式好氧呼吸计量法结合溶解性慢速水解COD(S_H)水解动力学拟合提出了溶解性COD(SCOD)的组分划分方案.上海2个污水处理厂进水的SCOD组分划分结果表明,A厂沉砂池出水(典型生活污水)的SCOD中含有43.5%～58.6% S_H、 21.8%～35.2%易生物降解COD(S_S)和15.4%～30.9%溶解性惰性COD(S_I); B厂沉砂池出水(长距离输送的合流制污水)SCOD中含有34.5%～45.2% S_H、 29.3%～37.7% S_S和25.6%～31.2% S_I. 9组不同水样的试验拟合结果表明,一级动力学能够很好地描述S_H的水解过程,A厂和B厂进水S_H的水解速率常数分别为28.00～39.77 d^-1和26.48～29.52 d^-1.该组分划分方案能够实现S_S积分区域的理论划分,并消除溶解性微生物产物对S_I测定的影响.