电镀污泥水热合成复合铁氧体与回收铜试验研究

以电镀污泥为原料,在温度为200℃、晶化时间为4h的条件下研究水热法合成复合铁氧体.结果表明,通过投加氯化高铁和沉淀剂可将电镀污泥中的Zn、Fe、Cr和Ni固化、稳定在铁氧体晶格之中;X射线衍射分析表明,此复合铁氧体主要为Ni/Zn铁氧体.通过选择NH4HCO3作为沉淀剂,可将电镀污泥中的氢氧化铜络合生成[Cu(NH3)4]2 ,铜萃取率可达80%以上;并可通过调节含铜分离液的pH值在5.4～6.4,生成碱式氯化铜转入固相,铜回收率在98%以上.复合铁氧体的磁性较强,分散性好,粒度分布均匀,且重金属浸出毒性低于美国TCLP(Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure)的毒性鉴别标准值.因此,水热法合成复合铁氧体是实现电镀污泥资源化与自净化的有效途径.     

Hydrothermal decomposition of pentachlorophenol in subcritical and supercritical water with sodium hydroxide addition

Hydrothermal decomposition of pentachlorophenol （PCP, C6HC150）, as the probable human carcinogen, was investigated in a tubular reactor under subcritical and supercritical water with sodium hydroxide （NaOH） addition. The experiments were conducted at a temperature range of 30（0-420℃ and a fixed pressure of 25 MPa, with a residence time that ranged from 10 s to 70 s. Under the reaction conditions, the initial PCP concentrations were varied from 0.25 to 1.39 mmol/L, and the NaOH concentrations were varied from 2.5 to 25 times of the concentrations of PCP. The result of this study showed that PCP conversion in supercritical water was highly dependent on the reaction temperature, residence time, and NaOH concentration. PCP conversion in subcritical water is, however, only dependent on reaction temperature. NaOH concentration and residence times were found to have little effect on PCP conversion in subcritical condition. It was found that NaOH concentration affected the dechlorinations of PCP in the supercritical water. The intermediates detected were proposed to be tetrachlorophenol and trichlorophenol, respectively.     

用废旧锌锰电池制备锰锌铁氧体的研究

用水热法以废旧锌锰电池为原料对制备锰锌铁氧体进行了研究。探索了制备过程的影响因素,如水热反应的pH值、水热温度及水热时间等。结果表明,在溶液的pH值为10,水热温度为210℃,水热时间为2～24h时,均能有效制备无杂相的锰锌铁氧体;提高反应温度和延长反应时间,均有利于锰锌铁氧体的晶化过程。研究还发现,加入铁粉是一个既能高效除汞,又能制备高性能锰锌铁氧体的关键所在。      

湿热-离心法分离餐厨废油脂

为了提高餐厨垃圾中废油脂分离回收效率,采用湿热-离心法分离餐厨废油脂,通过试验探讨了加热时间、温度以及离心转速等处理参数对餐厨废油脂分离回收效率的影响;同时,将其与湿热-重力法进行比较,以确定有利于餐厨废油脂分离回收的适宜工艺条件. 结果表明:湿热-离心法较湿热-重力法更有利于餐厨废油脂的分离;随着温度升高和加热时间延长,餐厨垃圾脱油性能呈上升趋势,温度越高,趋势越明显;120 ℃下湿热处理80 min,餐厨垃圾固相内部油脂液化浸出效果最佳,最佳离心转速为2 500 r/min时,餐厨垃圾废油脂分离回收率最高.      

石墨烯/二氧化钛降解亚甲基蓝的研究

以钛酸丁酯和氧化石墨烯为前驱物,通过水热法制备石墨烯/二氧化钛(GR/TiO2)复合光催化剂。采用XRD、TEM和FT-IR等技术手段对GR/TiO2粉体的结构和形貌进行了表征。利用对亚甲基蓝光催化降解,考察了GR/TiO2的光催化降解能力,并研究了H2O2用量和p H等因素对光催化降解速率的影响。结果表明:复合催化剂中,TiO2为锐钛型晶体,粒径为25 nm左右,分散在薄纱状的石墨烯上;复合催化剂通过紫外光下光催化性能有所提高,对可见光产生响应,具有良好的稳定性;加入适量H2O2能提高反应速率,碱性条件下,对亚甲基蓝的降解效率更高。     

Hydrothermal treatment of MSWI fly ash for simultaneous dioxins decomposition and heavy metal stabilization

Researches on the hydrothermal treatment of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash were conducted to eliminate dioxins and stabilize heavy metals. In order to enhance decomposing polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs) during hydrothermal process, a strong reductant carbohydrazide (CHZ) is introduced. A hydrothermal reactor was set up by mixing raw MSWI fly ash or the pre-treated fly ash with water and then heated to a pre-set temperature; CHZ was spiked into solution according to specially defined dosage. Experimental results showed that under the temperatures of 518 K and 533 K, the decomposition rates of PCDDs/PCDFs were over 80% and 90%, respectively, by total concentration. However, their toxic equivalent (TEQ) decreased only slightly or even increased due to the rising in concentration of congeners 2, 3, 7, 8-TCDD/TCDF, which might be resulted from the highly chlorinated congeners losing their chlorine atoms and being degraded during the hydrothermal process. Better results of TEQ reduction were also obtained under the higher tested temperature of 533 K and reactor with addition of 0.1%wt CHZ was corresponded to the best results. Good stabilization of heavy metals was also obtained in the same hydrothermal process especially when ferrous sulphate was added as auxiliary agent.     

碳纤维增强复合材料的环境适应性研究进展

概述了碳纤维增强基复合材料在环境适应性方面近十年的研究进展,从机理、最新研究进展两个方面着重阐述了湿热老化、高低温交替变化老化和紫外辐照老化,以及低能冲击损伤在环境因素作用下对碳纤维复合材料性能的影响,并简要地提出了碳纤维复合材料在环境适应性方面的发展方向。     

Photo-degradation of Acid-red 3B dye catalyzed by TiO2 nanotubes

Introduction A s one kind of novel functional m aterial, TiO 2 nanotube has been found potential applications in solar cell (B arbe et al., 1997), sem iconductor device (V inodgopal et al., 1993) and catalyst supports (Idakiev et al., 2005) etc. Since K a…     

污泥水热炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附特性

为了制备价廉高效的吸附材料,采用污水厂污泥为原料,以水热碳化法(hydrothermal carbonization,HTC)在不同温度(160、 190、 220和250℃)和不同反应时间(1、 4、 8和16 h)的条件下,制备出污泥水热炭(hydrochar)并应用于水中亚甲基蓝(methylene blue,MB)的吸附.通过BET、FT-IR和零电荷点等表征手段分析了水热炭的结构和理化性质,并结合批次实验、等温吸附和吸附动力学研究了水热炭对MB的吸附特性.结果表明,在190℃和4 h条件下制备的污泥吸附剂(SS190-4),其比表面积最大(11.916 m²·g^-1),对亚甲基蓝(MB)的去除率高达96.44%.当溶液pH趋于碱性时更有利于污泥水热炭对MB的吸附,水热炭投加浓度为0.5 g·L^-1时较为经济合理,当溶液中有共存离子时会抑制水热炭对MB的吸附能力.水热炭对MB的吸附更符合Langmuir等温方程,R²在0.966～0.988之间,在50℃下,水热炭对MB的最大模型吸附量为40...     

不同Cu交换分子筛脱除柴油机尾气中的NOx

以BEA、ZSM-5和SAPO-34分子筛为载体,采用离子交换法制备了用于柴油机尾气中氨选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)NOx的Cu改性分子筛催化剂.采用XRF、ICP、H2-TPR、和NH3-TPD等表征对催化剂样品的理化特性进行了分析.结果表明,分子筛类型影响铜交换量和铜物种的存在状态.借助H2-TPR和UV-Vis分析可以清晰地看出,在不同类型的分子筛上Cu的还原能力和配位环境明显不同.铜元素引入后,3类分子筛的SCR活性都有明显的改善.3种Cu-交换分子筛的抗高温水热老化能力却明显不同:老化的Cu-SAPO-34依然保持良好脱硝性能而老化的Cu-ZSM-5严重失活.