Infiltration characteristics of non-aqueous phase liquids in undisturbed loessal soil cores

The widespread contamination of soils and aquifers by non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL), such as crude oil, poses serious environmental and health hazards globally. Understanding the infiltration characteristics of NAPL in soil is crucial in mitigating or remediating soil contamination. The infiltration characteristics of crude and diesel oils into undisturbed loessal soil cores, collected in polymethyl methacrylate cylindrical columns, were investigated under a constant fluid head (3 cm) of either crude oil or diesel oil. The infiltration rate of both crude and diesel oils decreased exponentially as wetting depth increased with time. Soil core size and bulk density both had significant effects on NAPL infiltration through the undisturbed soil cores; a smaller core size or a greater bulk density could reduce oil penetration to depth. Compacting soil in areas susceptible to oil spills may be an effective stratage to reduce contamination. The infiltration of NAPL into soil cores was spatially anisotropic and heterogeneous, thus recording the data at four points on the soil core is a good stratage to improve the accuracy of experimental results. Our results revealed that crude and diesel oils, rather than their components, have a practical value for remediation of contaminated loessal soils.     

基于多源中高分辨率遥感数据提取渤海辽东湾海冰要素信息

海冰厚度是海冰参数中最为重要和最难获取的参数之一,对海洋灾害预警、气候变化等研究均有重要意义。本文选取2018年1月到3月的10景多源(Sentinel-2、Landsat-8、Landsat-7)中高分辨率影像对渤海辽东湾的海冰进行了监测。基于归一化水体指数进行海陆分割,通过分析海水与海冰光谱特征差异,利用最大似然法监督分类提取海冰区域,运用反照率与海冰厚度之间的经验指数模型反演海冰厚度,将反演结果与Zubov模型计算的冰厚结果进行比较,相关系数为0.884,证明了中高分辨率光学遥感数据在海冰厚度反演中的可行性。同时发挥中高分辨率遥感数据的优势,利用冰厚信息提取海冰类型、估算海冰资源量,为渤海海冰的防灾减灾以及海冰资源利用提供参考。     

混凝土核心筒的有限元模拟及若干参数的影响分析

运用ABAQUS分析软件,建立水平荷载作用下的钢筋混凝土核心筒有限元模型,进行非线性分析,并将分析结果与大比例试件的试验结果对比,对所采用的有限元模型加以验证。在此基础上,进行改变钢筋混凝土核心筒轴压比、高宽比和筒壁厚度的受力过程模拟分析,研究这些参数对筒体性能的影响。结果表明:随着轴压比的增大,筒体的破坏由受拉向受压破坏转变,筒体最大水平承载力经历先增加后减小的变化,延性变差;随着高宽比的增大,筒体破坏形态由剪切向弯曲破坏转变,延性增加,整体弯曲作用更加明显,最大底部剪力减小;随着壁厚的增大,试件破坏由截面压屈失稳向墙肢底部受弯破坏转变,墙肢破坏区域沿高度方向发展,耗能能力更强,承载力明显增大,变形能力显著增加。     

ISO 26000框架下的煤矿安全管理

随着国际标准化组织制定的社会责任指南(ISO26000)颁布日期的临近,企业社会责任再次被提上日程,企业的各项管理工作也需要在履行社会责任的前提下开展。本文针对煤炭企业安全事故频发的现状,将煤矿安全置于社会责任框架下进行研究。论文在对ISO26000进行概述的基础上,讨论煤炭企业履行社会责任对煤矿安全的影响,提出社会责任框架下,煤矿安全管理的建议。     

铬渣中六价铬水浸动力学研究

采用连续反应器,考察了铬渣水浸工艺参数,研究了铬渣中Cr(VI)的水浸动力学。结果表明,铬渣水浸过程速率为通过固膜的扩散所控制,通过对整个过程分阶段分别进行拟合,建立了Cr(VI)水浸过程的动力学模型,后阶段反应模型在α=0.05上显著,两个反应阶段表观活化能分别为18 kJ/mol和10.25 kJ/mol。     

Proposed Conservation Landscape for Giant Pandas in the Minshan Mountains,China

Abstract: The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), is one of the world's most endangered species. Habitat loss and fragmentation have reduced its numbers, shrunk its distribution, and separated the population into isolated subpopulations. Such isolated, small populations are in danger of extinction due to random demographic factors and inbreeding. We used least‐cost modeling as a systematic approach to incorporate satellite imagery and data on ecological and behavioral parameters of the giant panda collected during more than 10 years of field research to design a conservation landscape for giant pandas in the Minshan Mountains. We identified 8 core habitats and 4 potential linkages that would link core habitats CH3, CH4, and CH5 with core habitats CH6, CH7, and CH8. Establishing and integrating the identified habitats with existing reserves would create an efficient reserve network for giant panda conservation. The core habitats had an average density of 4.9 pandas/100 km² and contained approximately 76.6% of the giant panda population. About 45% of the core habitat (3245.4 km²) existed outside the current nature reserves network. Total estimated core habitat decreased between 30.4 and 44.5% with the addition of residential areas and road networks factored into the model. A conservation area for giant panda in the Minshan Mountains should aim to ensure habitat retention and connectivity, improve dispersal potential of corridors, and maintain the evolutionary potential of giant pandas in the face of future environmental changes.     

Wintertime Surface Heat Exchange for the Inner Mongolia Reach of the Yellow River

This study analyzed the wintertime surface heat exchange for the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River, China, based on the data from the nearby weather station at Wulateqianqi. In this analysis, the solar radiation is based on the observed data. Other components of the surface heat flux, that is, long‐wave radiation, and evaporative and conductive heat fluxes, are calculated. The relative importance of the contributions of long‐wave radiation, conductive, and evaporative heat fluxes are in descending order. The air temperature is the most important meteorological factor to the total heat flux. Although the wind speed influences evaporative and conductive heat fluxes, it has the least correlation with the total heat budget. The heat exchange coefficient for the linearized surface heat exchange equation is 21.87 W/(m² °C), which is comparable with published values in the regions of United States and Canada with similar latitudes.     

基于灰色聚类法的长江经济带中心城市生态安全评价研究

以长江经济带为研究区域,选取长江经济带中心城市武汉市、上海市、重庆市为研究对象,首先运用PSR模型构建具有长江经济带特色的生态安全评价指标体系,包含目标层、准则层、指标层3个层次共31个指标;然后通过主成分分析方法进行权重求解,消除了指标间的影响,使各指标权重更加客观;最后构建基于白化权函数的灰色聚类模型对3个城市2004~2015年的生态安全状态进行评价。评价结果表明:3个城市2004~2015年间生态安全水平总体呈上升趋势,生态安全状态不断好转。     

不同生态下云南稻核心种质孕穗期耐冷性状的表型多样性差异

以504份云南地方稻核心种质为材料,在昆明自然低温平均18℃(冷害)和新平27℃(正常)条件下进行孕穗期耐冷性状的表犁多样性生态差异分析.结果表明:(1)在3种生态环境下,云南稻核心种质11个耐冷性状的平均值、标准差、变异系数等参数存在一定差异,总趋势呈现籼稻(Indica)不同环境间这3个特征值差异较粳稻(Japonica)明显;弱耐冷系统群差异较强耐冷系统群明显.(2)不同环境间11个耐冷性状Shannon-weaver遗传多样性指数存在明显差异,体现为正常环境高于冷害环境,粳稻(Japonica)高于籼稻(Indica),强耐冷材料高于弱耐冷材料.这种差异主要由剑叶长、穗颈长、穗下节长、1～2节长、穗长、主穗实粒数和结实率等7个耐冷性状差异所致.     

DX—100型离子色谱仪用于冰雪样品中阴,阳离子的测定

本文介绍了ＤＸ－１００型离子色谱仪用于冰雪样品中阴,阳离子的测定,以东北五大连池地区白龙洞和水晶宫为例,介绍了阴,阳离子测定在分析化学物质来源和成冰过程中的重要作用。