细菌气溶胶在大气冰核核化过程中作用的研究进展

介绍了大气中细菌气溶胶的种类和浓度分布的变化特征,对冰核细菌促进冰核核化的分子生物学机制,影响成冰活性的因素以及冰核在大气冰核核化过程中作用的研究进展等做了重点介绍,对冰核细菌的生物学、分子生物学和形态学及其实际应用等方面的研究进展也做了讨论,同时也指出了今后需要进一步研究的问题,尤其是生物冰核在云和降水中作用方面的问题.     

长江口岸带柱状沉积物中磷的存在形态及其环境意义

通过对长江河口岸带柱状沉积物中P的分析，揭示了沉积物中P的存在形态和分布特征。柱状沉积物中P的存在形态主要有DP、Al-P、Fe-P、Ca-P和OP等5种，其中以Ca-P（约占TP的28%-52%）和OP（约占TP的43%-68%）为主。研究发现，在近排污口的柱状沉积物中Al-P和有机碳（TOC）具有相似的变化趋势，具Al-P含量明显高于非排污口处的朝阳柱样，反映了柱状沉积物中各形态P的分布特征受人类活动的影响比较明显。此外，柱状沉积物中P的存在特征受沉积速率的影响显著。     

多溴联苯醚在电子废弃物拆卸地沉积物中的垂直分布

采用气相色谱质谱联用仪对采自清远电子废弃物拆卸地水库钻孔沉积物中的多溴联苯(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)进行了分析,调查其在沉积物中的垂直分布.结果表明,PBDEs在所有的样品中均检出,含量为0.43～141 ng/g,平均为9.26 ng/g.PBDEs在下层(16 cm以下)沉积物中含量较低、变化很小(0.43～2.30 ng/g),但在上层沉积物中含量明显增加(2.90～141 ng/g),反映了当地电子废弃物拆卸活动的影响;3种工业源的PBDEs,即五溴、八溴和十溴PBDEs,表现出相似的垂向分布趋势,说明其来源的一致性.其中,十溴PBDEs是最主要的PBDEs,平均占所有PBDEs的79.6%,其次是五溴PBDEs(14.7%),而八溴PBDEs所占比例最低(5.69%).3种PBDEs的组成模式显示,它们与相应的工业品PBDEs组成都有一定差异,可能因其降解行为不同所致.一些PBDE的同族体组成在沉积钻孔的垂直变化也进一步说明高溴代PBDE在沉积物的埋藏期间可能发生了降解,虽然还需要进一步研究证实.     

崇明岛湿地沉积物中六六六的长期变化趋势

采用同位素稀释质谱法,利用高分辨率气相色谱-高分辨率质谱法(HRGC-HRMS)分析测定了崇明岛东滩柱状沉积物样品的30个层段中HCHs的含量,对其垂直分布特征进行了初步探讨。沉积物中HCHs均被检出。东滩湿地沉积物中总∑HCHs含量范围为0.35~0.98ng·g-1dw,平均值为0.64ng·g-1dw,属于轻度污染。HCHs呈现明显的周期性变化。采用时间序列分析方法,统计分析了近60年来东滩湿地沉积物中HCHs变化的总体趋势与主要振荡周期。长期变化趋势表明东滩沉积物中HCHs在上世纪50年代初开始增长,高峰期出现在上世纪60至70年代。一些异构体在我国停止生产HCHs后,没有明显的下降趋势。频谱分析结果表明HCHs的分布表现出具有周期为大约8年的振荡特征,可能与气候变化周期相关。     

VA菌根真菌对玉米生长及根际土壤微生态环境的影响

用两种不同的VA菌根真菌Glomus mosseae和Glomuscaledonium接种玉米进行盆栽试验。结果表明,两种菌株均能侵染玉米,促进玉米生长．其中以Glomus caledonium的侵染率和作用较为明显。接种后,根区土壤中的细菌、放线菌、固氮菌的数量和微生物生物量明显增加,但真菌的数量则稍有下降。此外．菌根的形成也改善了根区土壤的微生态环境,为下一造作物的生长积累了养分基础。     

泉州湾沉积物柱状样中有机氯农药的垂直分布特征

用GC-ECD内标法测定了泉州湾沉积物柱样中有机氯农药的含量.通过研究有机氯农药在沉积物柱样中的垂直分布特征,探讨了有机氯农药在泉州湾的污染历史.该柱样中HCHs和DDTs的含量分别为(0.00～5.61)×10-9、(1.18～50.65)×10-9.研究表明该区沉积物未受到HCHs的明显污染,但已受到DDTs的轻微污染.有机氯农药的垂直变化基本反映了它在我国及福建的生产使用历史.在近年泉州湾仍有新的DDT输入.     

Inspired to perform: A multilevel investigation of antecedents and consequences of thriving at work

Emerging research evidence across multiple industries suggests that thriving at work is critically important for creating sustainable organizational performance. However, we possess little understanding of how factors across different organizational levels stimulate thriving at work. To address this gap, the current study proposes a multilevel model that simultaneously examines contextual and individual factors that facilitate thriving at work and how thriving relates to positive health and overall unit performance. Analysis of data collected from 275 employees, at multiple time periods, and their immediate supervisors, representing 94 work units, revealed that servant leadership and core self‐evaluations are 2 important contextual and individual factors that significantly relate to thriving at work. The results further indicated that thriving positively relates to positive health at the individual level, with this relationship partially mediated by affective commitment. Our results also showed that collective thriving at work positively relates to collective affective commitment, which in turn, positively relates to overall unit performance. Taken together, these findings suggest that work context and individual characteristics play significant roles in facilitating thriving at work and that thriving is an important means by which managers and their organizations can improve employees' positive health and unit performance.     

安全法律法规核心作用原理及其方法论研究

为完善安全法学学科体系,提出安全法律法规核心作用原理的定义及其研究对象。提炼出安全法律法规核心作用原理下属4条原理:安全法治原理、安全规范原理、安全标准化原理、安全发展原理,并具体阐释这些原理的定义及内涵。基于霍尔方法论三维体系结构,同时运用安全工程等学科理论知识,构建安全法律法规方法论的四维体系结构。研究结果表明:学界可以从核心作用原理及其理论模型的角度对安全法律法规进行研究,同时也可以借助霍尔方法论对安全法律法规的方法论进行探讨。     

环渤海盐碱地区模拟生活污水冷冻处理试验

为了探索环渤海地区污水资源化的过程,基于冷冻技术,通过模拟生活污水人工冷冻试验,研究了冷冻温度、污染物初始浓度、机械搅拌等因素对环渤海盐碱地区生活污水冰融水水质的影响,同时考察了人工冷冻试验对含盐生活污水中COD_Cr与NH₃-N处理效果的影响. 结果表明:在-11~-2 ℃的室内人工低温环境中,冷冻法可使污水中COD_Cr与NH₃-N的去除率分别达到80%和85%以上;冷冻温度越低,污水冷冻速率越快,COD_Cr和NH₃-N的去除率越低;污染物浓度越高,污水冰融水水质越差;机械搅拌对污水处理效果的影响不很明显.      

A 50-year sedimentary record of heavy metals and their chemical speciations in the Shuangtaizi River estuary (China): implications for pollution and biodegradation

Two parallel sediment cores collected from tidal flat located in the Shuangtaizi River estuary were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations and chemical speciations. Based on the ¹³⁷Cs activity profile, mean sedimentation rate at the sampling site during the past 50 years was estimated to be 1.3 cm·a^-1. Correlation analyses show that almost all the metals are associated with each other, suggesting that these metals might be derived from same sources and/or affected by same geochemical processes. Influence of total organic carbon (TOC) content on the concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu and Cd is evident. Silt and clay contents, instead of sand content, play an important role in the distribution of these metals. The dominant binding phases for most of the metals (except for Cd) are the residual. The relative decrease of the residual fraction of Cd and Pb in the upper 66 cm of the core is striking. The distribution of chemical fraction confirms that the residual fractions of these metals have a natural origin, while only the non-residual fractions of Cd and Pb increased upward the core due to pollution in the past five decades. Pollution assessment on these heavy metals based on Index of Geoaccumulation (I_geo) also demonstrates that most of the metals are unpolluted. The weak pollution as observed in the sediments is perhaps related to a local plant, the Suaeda heteroptera Kitag, which may have played a significant role in the biodegradation of these metals and the metal distribution in the estuary.