基于RS和GIS技术的重庆市主城区扩展分析

采用重庆市主城区2000年和2010年两个时相的TM影像提取城市扩展信息,对影像数据的归一化建筑指数（NDBI）、归一化植被指数（NDVI）和归一化水体指数（NDWI）进行RGB组合增强,再进行决策树分类和减法运算获取研究区扩展信息,发现建筑区面积增加了1.62倍,大部分是由植被区转变而来。其扩张方向受地理影响,南北方向为外延型,东西方向为飞地型。借助统计资料进行精度验证和城市扩展的驱动因素分析发现,区域发展政策、经济增长和人口扩张是主要的影响因素,探讨了对经济增长、城市扩张和人口增长的关系。研究结果表明,以遥感手段监测与研究城市发展变化的趋势是可行和高效的。     

Application of remote and in situ information to the management of wetlands in Poland

The protection and regeneration of wetlands has been of crucial importance as a goal in ecological research and in nature conservation for some time and is more important than ever now. Knowledge about the biophysical properties of wetlands' vegetation retrieved from satellite images enables us to improve the monitoring of these unique areas, which are otherwise very often impenetrable and therefore difficult to examine, analyze and assess by means of site visits. The Biebrza Wetlands are situated in the North-East part of Poland and are one of the largest areas made up of marshes and swamps in the entire EU. This is still one of the wildest areas and one of the least destroyed, damaged or changed by human impact. However, in the recent decades there have been attempts made to intensify and overexploit the natural resources of the region and implement new agriculture practices in the area. In this period, drainage canals have been built, and a good deal of the area has been drained. The area of this precious ecosystem covers 25 494 ha. This valuable area of peat with unique vegetation species and with very special birds is one of the most valuable areas in Europe and in 1995 was added to the list of Ramsar sites. The investigation of wetlands in the Biebrza River Valley has been carried out at ground level by taking measurements of soil moisture, evapotranspiration, Leaf Area Index, wet and dry biomass and the levels of ground water and meteorological parameters. Also examined were radiative temperature, detailed vegetation mapping, and APAR. For some years the deterioration of peat lands has been noticed due to the drying out of the area and the frequent outbreak of fires. The consequence is the succession of new vegetation and the appearance of new ecosystems. The Remote Sensing Centre in the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography has undertaken the investigation by applying ERS-2.SAR and ENVISAT ASAR of IS2 and IS4 and VV, HH, HV polarization for the purpose of modeling soil moisture and humidity changes of the area under investigation. The investigation also aimed at finding the best biophysical properties of wetlands' vegetation to characterize marshland habitats and its changes. At the same time as registering the microwave data, the optical data from Landsat ETM+, SPOT VEGETATION, ERS-2.ATSR, ENVISAT MERIS, and NOAA/AVHRR have been registered and information about the biomass and heat fluxes as sensible and latent heat has also been calculated. The vegetation indices are calculated from EO satellite data taking into account jointly the features of vegetation responsible for reflection in various bands and combining this information from several spectral bands. Also, the changes in the humidity of the area have been examined by extracting the backscattering coefficients from two SAR images that were taken at a similar period of the year but with a gap of 5 years. The information about soil moisture as retention, soil moisture changes, heat fluxes and evapotranspiration are all very important for estimates of CO(2) sequestration. The ENVISAT images have been obtained for the ESA AO-ID122 project. Also the SMOS and ALOS data will be applied for the Biebrza Wetlands in the future.     

用于研究土壤孔隙三维结构的连续数字图像的制备

主要介绍了一种用于分析土壤孔隙三维结构的连续数字图像的制备方法,内容包括土样的处理、不同格式图像之间的转换、孔隙结构分析指标等;对一类具体土壤的研究结果表明,在2cm的间距内,土壤孔隙结构仍存在较为明显的异质性。     

基于GOCI影像的太湖水体漫衰减系数遥感反演

漫衰减系数是水体光学中的一个重要参数.采用2006~2009年的太湖野外实测数据,分析了太湖水体漫衰减系数光谱特性及其影响因子,在此基础上,结合GOCI传感器数据,分别构建漫衰减系数经验模型和半分析模型,寻找适合GOCI影像的太湖漫衰减系数反演模型,并分析太湖水体漫衰减系数的时空变化特征.结果表明:1太湖水体漫衰减系数主要受非色素颗粒物吸收主导,以GOCI第4、5、7波段构建的多元线性模型反演漫衰减系数,效果最好;2太湖水体漫衰减系数值域主要分布在0~15 m-1,大体可以分为3个等级,低值区:0~4 m-1,中值区:4~8 m-1,高值区:8~15 m-1,部分高值区高于15 m-1;3太湖水体漫衰减系数存在一定时空差异性,从空间上来说,太湖水体漫衰减系数呈现一定的梯度性,从东部到西部逐渐变高;从时间上来说,早上太湖漫衰减系数相对较高,从上午到下午,大体上呈现逐渐降低的趋势.     

土壤中裂隙与其它类型孔隙结构差异的图像比较

裂隙是孔隙的一类。文章利用土壤切片的数字图像,采用目视分离的方法,比较研究了裂隙与其它类型的孔隙在结构上的差异、选择的土样研究结果表明,目视分离裂隙的方法是可行的,土体中的裂隙直径分布曲线是不规则的,而其它类型的孔隙直径分布曲线则类似对数正态分布;土壤总孔隙中直径较大的部分主要由裂隙构成,直径较小的部分则由其它类型孔隙和裂隙共同构成;土壤表面裂隙与土体内部裂隙在结构上可能具有一定差异。     

利用 TM1∶10万卫星图象研究四川富顺——南溪地区土地利用现状及开发途径

土地资源是国家基本资源之一。土地利用状况反映在一个地区土地开垦的指数、土地利用方向、土壤类型、水土流失、植被及覆盖面积、水体类型及覆盖面积等方面,而各种土壤、植被和水体,对日光或不同波长电磁波,有不同的反射、透射和发射特征,在卫片上表现为不同的信息。利用 TM 图象,可区分地表各种土壤、植被和水体的分布,掌握一个地区土地利用现状,制定正确的开发途径。     

基于洪水过程的农业洪灾变化遥感快速评估模型及其应用

洪涝灾情的准确测度需要同时兼顾淹没区的面积大小和淹水时长信息。利用淹没区内由水和作物等多种地物所组成的"复合水体"不同于水体的波谱时间变化特性,将不同洪灾时期的水体指数和植被指数进行信息复合,以有效凸显水体和洪涝淹没区之间的影像差异,据此进行了灾初期、峰期和中后期等3个时次受淹范围的有效识别。在此基础上,根据洪涝灾情随着淹没时长而加重以及灾区内淹水时长非均匀分布的特性,建立基于淹没时长的受淹面积不等权参与的洪灾扩展动态度指数(Variation Index of Flood,VIF)和区域灾情比较指数(Comparison Index of Flood Disaster,CIFD)两种模型,并将模型应用于鄱阳湖区2016年夏季农业洪涝灾害的时空变化遥感监测。结果显示,应用上述两种模型不仅可以准确获取鄱阳湖区本次农业洪涝灾情的演变趋势,而且能够方便地对比分析区域内不同地方的受灾程度。鄱阳湖区在2016年6月23日~7月25日期间的洪涝灾情具有由弱增强再趋弱的特征,其VIF指数由初始阶段(6月23日~7月9日)的3.75降至后续阶段(7月9日~7月23日)的1.29;鄱阳县是研究区内受灾最严重的区域,其CIFD指数值居于研究区内各受灾县市之首,该县受灾总面积以及多次被淹的灾区面积均高于其他县市。     

论文化意象的翻译

文化意象是一种文化符号,承载着独特、广阔、深沉的文化内涵,不同民族的文化差异导致的文化意象的空缺与错位往往使译者处于两难的境地.本文阐述了翻译文化意象应遵循的首要原则,即采取异化的方法直接移植原文文化意象.但这一原则的使用又必须受到译文读者审美意识的制约.     

Revisiting the “Ozone Hole” Metaphor: From Observational Window to Global Environmental Threat

In 1985, just over 30 years ago, the “ozone hole” made its appearance in the press as a truly global environmental threat. As one of the most important environmental issues of the twentieth century, the “ozone hole” is also a remarkable metaphorical, visual, and imaginary construction. This essay examines the historical trajectory of the famous “ozone hole” from its birth within the astronomical community at the beginning of the twentieth century to its contemporary framing as a global environmental threat. The article provides evidence why metaphors constitute a valuable object of historically informed studies of scientific practice, and shows in particular how metaphorical landscapes shift over time, mapping at the same time larger social and political developments. The essay ends by showing how scientific images and metaphorical framings interact and how they shape scientific and popular discourse on nature, as well as our understanding of the global environment.     

浅谈卞之琳诗歌的美学特征

卞之琳的诗从意象出发、以意象为构件、并围绕意象建造出另外一个宇宙，它具有现实与虚拟的交融，利用反讽与陌生化，透过虚化的韵致，折射出的是诗人的朦胧情思与朦胧境界．