管制员安全能力模型研究

为准确评价管制员安全能力,基于能力的定义和管制员工作职责,界定管制员安全能力的内涵;依据该内涵及其工作特性,建立由身体素质、业务素质和意识3个结构维度组成的管制员安全能力模型。其中,身体素质包括生理状况和心理状况;业务素质包括教育状况、培训状况、技能状况和经验状况;意识包括安全意识和工作意识。在各项指标性质差异较大情况下,利用功效系数法实现评价指标的标准化以减小误差,客观反映指标情况,同时采用G1-法和熵值法集成的主客观综合赋权法确定指标的权重,在一定程度上弥补主客观单一赋权的不足,最后通过逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)评价管制员安全能力。结果表明,按照从大到小排序对管制员安全能力的影响因素依次为意识、身体素质和业务素质。就对所论能力的影响而言,心理状况强于生理状况;技能状况强教育、培训和经验状况;安全意识对意识的影响大于工作意识。     

Good news for environmental self-regulation? Finding the right link

We investigate the stock market response to firm disclosure of positive environmental information and the link from that information to environmental outcomes. We classify environmental media releases by informational content and value relevance, and assess the abnormal stock returns of each type of event. While announcements of future environmental activities lead to the largest favorable stock market reactions, there is no guaranteed link from this type of information to environmental outcomes. Further analysis of the abnormal returns shows that the magnitude of the stock market reaction depends on firm financial characteristics across all event types rather than on firm environmental performance. Our results indicate that the ability for voluntary environmental information disclosure to induce environmental self-regulation is limited to the extent that firms are able to follow through with their announcements of planned environmental activities.     

CEO education and corporate environmental footprint

We analyze the effect of CEO education on environmental decision-making. Using a unique sample of Danish firms from 1996 to 2012, we find that CEO education significantly improves firms' energy efficiency. We seek to derive causality using health shocks: the hospitalization of highly educated CEOs induces a drop in energy efficiency, whereas the hospitalization of less educated CEOs does not have any significant effect. Exploring the mechanisms at play, we show that our results are largely driven by advanced education in business degrees. Moreover, we show that CEO education is associated with greater environmental awareness: highly educated CEOs exhibit greater concerns for climate change, as measured by a survey of social preferences, and drive more environmentally efficient cars. Taken together, our findings suggest that education shapes managerial styles giving rise to greater sustainability in corporate actions.     

水葱修复土壤镉污染潜力的研究

野外观察与研究发现水葱(Scirpus tabernaemontani G.)可以耐受土壤中高浓度的重金属污染,并对镉(Cd)有很高的生物富集量.实验室水培试验研究了两个主要因素,营养液pH与Cd含量,对水葱生物量以及Cd富集效果的影响.结果表明,它可耐受高浓度Cd (30 mg/L)和大范围pH变化 (3.7～7.7).当营养液pH为4.7, Cd为25 mg/L时,水葱富集的Cd达到最大值:地上部分264.71 mg/kg,地下部分234.39 mg/kg,平均转运系数1.13.这显示了它用于植物修复Cd污染土壤的潜力.     

Study of oil-water partitioning of a chemical dispersant using an acute bioassay with marine crustaceans

The toxicity of seawater dispersions of a chemical dispersant to two marine crustaceans was investigated in the presence and absence of various quantities of a non-toxic mineral oil. From the results and a physical-chemical partitioning analysis, a limiting value of the oil-water partition coefficient of the toxic compounds is deduced suggesting that essentially all of the toxic compounds in the dispersant will partition into solution in water following dispersant application to an oil spill. This conclusion simplifies interpretation and prediction of the toxic effects of a dispersed oil spill.The combined bioassay-partitioning procedure may have applications to the study of the toxicity of other complex mixtures such as industrial effluents.     

石墨烯负载铁锰氧化物活化过一硫酸盐降解金橙G

利用水热法制备了rG-MnFe_2O_4活化剂,通过TEM、XRD、FT-IR、Raman等手段对活化剂进行了系统表征,通过其对偶氮染料OG的降解实验评价了rG-MnFe_2O_4活化PMS的效果,同时考察了PMS浓度、rG-MnFe_2O_4投加量、初始pH、Cl~-浓度对OG降解效果的影响.结果表明,当rG-MnFe_2O_4投加量为0.3 g·L-1,n(PMS)∶n(OG)=40∶1时,rG-MnFe_2O_4活化PMS的效果显著,反应27 min时,OG降解率为100%,并且随PMS浓度、rG-MnFe_2O_4投加量的提高,OG降解效率明显增加.初始pH对OG降解有较大影响,pH=5.00时效果最好.Cl~-对活化降解OG具有促进作用,Cl-浓度越高,OG降解得越快.r G-MnFe_2O_4在重复使用5次时仍具有较好活化性能.通过紫外可见光谱和气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)对OG降解过程进行分析,表明OG分子中的萘环结构和偶氮键均被破坏,并检测出主要降解产物有对硝基苯酚和邻苯二甲酸;且rG-MnFe_2O_4/PMS降解体系对染料OG具有一定的矿化率.     

取代芳烃对呆鲦鱼急性毒性的QSAR研究

应用密度泛函方法(DFT)在B3LYP/6-311G**水平上全优化计算25个取代芳烃的量子化学参数,结合疏水性参数与化合物对呆鲦鱼的急性毒性进行定量构效关系研究(QSAR)。经逐步回归筛选变量后,所建多元线性回归方程的相关系数R及去一法交互检验复相关系数R2cv分别为0.967和0.907。用预测集样本进行了外部预测,所得外部预测样本复相关系数R2ext和外部预测集交互检验Q2ext分别为0.881和0.836。模型结果显示:分子疏水性参数logP较大时具有较大的脂溶性,化合物的毒性较大;取代基的吸电子能力越强,苯环的正电性越大,化合物的毒性越大。     

超声辅助纳米铁降解酸性红G的实验研究

通过硼氢化纳还原法制备了铁纳米颗粒,并用十二烷基硫酸钠对其进行保护。所得铁纳米颗粒大小在13nm左右,体心立方相。对比了在机械搅拌和超声辅助条件下纳米铁对酸性红G的降解率,超声条件下纳米铁和微米铁对酸性红G的降解率,以及纳米铁投加量、pH值对酸性红G降解率的影响。结果表明,超声辅助下,pH=6～7时,4min内纳米铁对酸性红G有较高的降解率。机理分析表明超声辅助条件下纳米铁对酸性红G的降解主要是超声分散下纳米铁的还原作用得到提高以及纳米铁氧化产物的絮凝作用。     

浅谈3G在防震减灾中的应用

通过对比第一代和第二代与第三代移动通信系统的特点,总结出第三代移动通信的优点,并将其优点应用到防震救灾事业中,改善防震减灾系统的设计,使防震减灾步入一个崭新的3G阶段,提高防震减灾工作的有效性和实用性.     

周期换向电凝聚法处理活性嫩黄X-6G模拟染料废水研究

分别采用铝和铁板作为两极,通过周期性改变电流方向使电极钝化和极化现象得以减缓或消失,并实现两极均可溶,利用铝、铁系无机絮凝剂共存时可提高处理效果的特点,对活性嫩黄X-6G模拟染料废水进行处理;通过单因素条件实验,获得了该方法的最佳处理条件。利用紫外-可见光分光光度法和飞行质谱等手段对废水处理过程的脱色反应机理进行了分析。研究表明:最佳条件下,采用周期换向电凝聚法处理活性嫩黄X-6G模拟染料废水30 min,可使模拟废水脱色率达到98%以上,COD去除率可达77%以上;处理过程中除大部分染料分子直接被电凝聚气浮或沉降导致脱色外,部分活性嫩黄X-6G染料分子在电解作用下首先断裂成不同结构的中间体,含有双键的中间体再发生加氢或氧化反应,使双键结构遭到破坏而脱色。