矿产资源规划环境影响评估方法及实例研究

矿产资源规划环境影响评价有利于矿产资源的可持续利用和矿区的环境保护,随着全国性矿产资源规划、地区性矿产资源规划的制定和实施,探讨适合于矿产资源规划环境影响评价的方法体系显得相当重要.本文从矿产资源的特点出发,结合实例研究,构建了由可持续目标和环境目标设立法、专家评判法、矩阵法、强度分析法和GIS技术方法等组成的矿产资源规划环境影响评价方法体系,定量地评价了矿区环境的现状和规划引起的环境变化,为我国矿产资源规划环境影响评估提供借鉴.     

不同pH值下腐殖酸反渗透膜污染中的界面相互作用解析

应用extended derjaguin-landau-verwey-overbeek (扩展DLVO) 理论评价不同pH值下范德华力、静电力、疏水性力3种界面相互作用对腐殖酸反渗透(reverse osmosis, RO)膜污染的贡献,探究pH值影响腐殖酸RO膜污染的主控机制.对3种常规RO膜的理论分析结果表明,静电力对腐殖酸RO膜污染的贡献很小,范德华力使膜污染加剧;疏水性力会减缓膜污染.与前期粘附阶段相比,后期粘聚阶段中范德华力的贡献有所增大,疏水性力在2个污染阶段中均起主导作用.膜污染随pH值的降低而加重,疏水性力作用能的改变是pH值影响系统界面自由能的主控机制.相应pH值下3种RO膜过滤实验数据及其相关性分析结果表明,扩展DLVO理论能定量评价3种界面相互作用的贡献,界面自由能和膜污染之间有很好的相关关系,RO膜纯水接触角的数值不宜作为评价膜污染的指标.     

Towards a co-evolutionary framework for implementing sustainable development

SUMMARY

A quantitative method which can be used to gauge the sustainability of existing socio-cultural, economic and environmental constructs is proposed. An underlying assumption of the approach is that a co-evolutionary relationship exists between social, cultural, economic and environmental systems and that these cannot be addressed in a reductionist and deterministic manner. The method focuses on both broad trends and patterns of variance in a multivariate data matrix, it allows the identification of dominant trends as well as underlying tensions, does not treat socio-cultural, economic and environmental heterogeneity as statistical noise and can be applied at different administrative scales. Furthermore, it may be used to identify potential sources of human insecurity, factors that may affect the probability of positive human survival, developmental patterns at odds with the established values system of civil society that can be targeted for political action, and to inform public debate. In addition, the method can be used to identify unexpected synergies between variables and may serve as an early warning system for regional planners.     

重金属污染沉积物质量评价研究—以太湖为例

以太湖的表层沉积物为研究对象,运用相平衡分配法(EqP)探讨了沉积物中4种重金属(Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd)的沉积物质量基准(CSQC)值;根据美国国家环境保护局(US EPA)基于水生生物对重金属的最终慢性毒理水平的淡水水质基准,制定了太湖4种重金属(Cu, Pb, Zn,和Cd)的沉积物质量基准值分别为145.2,308.72,293.01,0.46mg/kg.以此CSQC为参比值,参考潜在生态危害指数法对各元素赋予不同的权重值,运用综合污染指数法对太湖沉积物重金属的环境质量进行评价,结果显示,2010年8~9月太湖沉积物质量基本为良.这一结果与沉积物重金属总量分析结果一致.     

生物硫铁复合材料处理含铜废水及机理研究

利用Hungate分离出一株产生物硫铁复合材料(生物硫铁)的硫酸盐还原菌SRB2,考察了投加量、pH值、温度、搅拌速度对生物硫铁处理含铜废水的影响,并分别从化学置换、胞外聚合物(EPS)吸附等途径研究了生物硫铁去除Cu2+的机理.结果表明,生物硫铁投加量越大、温度越高对铜的去除效果最好,在pH4.0、35℃、0.6661g生物硫铁、搅拌速度100r/min时,2min即可使Cu2+去除率达到99.9%以上.化学置换途径在生物硫铁去除Cu2+时占主导地位,10min去除率达90.9%,EPS吸附途径在生物硫铁去除Cu2+过程中不占优势,24h去除率为38%.     

基于改进成功流法的消防系统可靠性研究

在多信号输入系统的可靠性研究中,传统GO法存在计算复杂、易出现误差和遗漏的缺点。将卡诺图化简法引入传统GO运算,利用其“合并同项,简化运算”的特点构建研究多信号输入系统可靠性的新GO模型。将其应用于预作用喷水灭火系统,对具有多启动方式的给水泵进行可靠性分析,并与事件树运算结果比较,证明新GO模型适用于具有多信号输入系统的可靠性研究。研究表明,通过采取措施降低多信号元器件故障概率可以提高系统整体可靠性。     

Citizen participation in disaster recovery projects and programmes in rural communities: a comparison of the Haiti earthquake and Hurricane Katrina

This study investigates predictors of local participation in recovery projects and programmes following Hurricane Katrina in the United States in 2005 and the earthquake in Haiti in 2010. Using two sets of survey data, it examines whether disaster impacts and social capital (social trust and civic engagement) are associated with disaster recovery participation and compares predictors of such engagement in the two locations. Multivariate logistic regression results reveal that physical injuries, limited community mobility, and government trust increase recovery participation in Haiti (n=278), whereas emotional distress and homeownership decrease it. On the Gulf Coast of the US (n=259), physical injuries and higher civic engagement augment recovery participation, while homeownership and age reduce it. The confounding factors of national contexts and post‐disaster time frames might explain the differences in the results. The discussion addresses the relation between country‐specific vulnerability and recovery participation and suggests implications for policy and practice to improve local citizens’ capabilities to participate in sustainable recovery processes.     

江苏省排污许可实施情况及对策建议

构建以排污许可制为核心的"一证式"固定污染源监管制度体系,是推动生态环境治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要举措。本文结合作者参与实际管理工作的心得体会,回顾了排污许可管理体系的构建情况,总结了江苏省排污许可制度实施成效,剖析了江苏省排污许可管理实践中存在的问题,从优化技术支撑体系、完善法规体系、加强数据融合等方面提出了改进的对策建议,并提出了江苏省排污许可管理实践的下一步工作展望。     

Sensitivity analysis of the two dimensional application of the Generic Ecological Model (GEM) to algal bloom prediction in the North Sea

Harmful algae can cause damage to co-existing organisms, tourism and farmers. Accurate predictions of algal future composition and abundance as well as when and where algal blooms may occur could help early warning and mitigating. The Generic Ecological Model is an instrument that can be applied to any water system (fresh, transitional or coastal) to calculate the primary production, chlorophyll-a concentration and phytoplankton species composition. It consists of physical, chemical and ecological model components which are coupled together to build one generic and flexible modelling tool. In this paper the model has been analyzed to assess sensitivity of the simulated chlorophyll-a concentration to a subset of ecologically significant input factors. Only a small number of approaches could be considered as suitable for several reasons including the model complexity, engagement of numerous interacting parameters and relatively long time of a single simulation. Thus, sensitivity analysis has been carried out with the use of the Morris method and later enriched by the computation of the correlation ratios of the selected parameters on the model response at more than a few locations in the modelled area. The obtained results are in agreement with expert knowledge of the ecological processes in the North Sea and correspond well with local characteristics.     

Positive affectivity neutralizes transformational leadership's influence on creative performance and organizational citizenship behaviors

This study uses an interactionist approach to examine the moderating effect of follower trait positive affectivity (trait PA) on the relation between transformational leadership and both follower creative performance and organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB). On the basis of responses from 212 employees and their direct supervisors from the research and development department of a company in Mainland China, results support the hypothesized moderation effect. Specifically, the positive influence of transformational leadership on creative performance was significantly reduced for followers who were higher on trait PA (ΔR² = .02, p < .05). The same pattern, in which followers' trait PA appeared to substitute for the influence of transformational leadership, generalized to the outcome of follower OCB as well (ΔR² = .04, p < .01). We discussed theoretical and practical implications of these findings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.