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301.
At one of the nitro-toluene facilities, an o-nitro toluene still was in standby mode. During the standby mode feed to the still had been stopped, the column was not de-inventoried, steam flow to the reboiler was not shut off and the condenser was on total reflux. After 22 days of standby mode, steam was shut off for 5 days for annual plant maintenance. Eight days after the re-start of steam, the still exploded, hurling debris as far as one mile. The internal packing was expelled from the column and landed on the ground burning. The incident was investigated to establish the contributing factors leading to explosion. Accelerating Rate Calorimetery was extensively used to determine the onset temperature for exothermic activity in the presence/absence of a number of materials to establish the underlying cause of the accident. It was found that foulant collected in the column over a period of years accelerated the ’runaway reaction’. 相似文献
302.
Catalytic degradation of methylene blue by Fenton like system: model to the environmental reaction 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Sanjay R. Thakare 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2004,16(2):285-287
To develop more efficient chemical methods for the demineralization of organic pollutants from water bodies, which one was also mimic to the nature, a degradation of methylene blue by Fe( Ⅲ ) and H2O2 in the absence of light instead of Fe( Ⅱ ) and H2O2 was studied. Results showed that use of Fe ( Ⅲ ) is more promising than Fe( Ⅱ ). The present study reflects that Fenton reaction is more efficient, in the presence of a small amount of salicylic acid is added which is a one of the priority pollutant. 相似文献
303.
加速量热仪在物质热稳定性研究中的应用 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
加速量热仪(ARC)是一种基于绝热原理设计的热分析仪器,与其它热分析仪器相比,加速量热仪可以测量克量级的固体或高闪点液体样品,具有测试样品最大,敏感度高等特点,并能够实时记录样品放热反应过程中的温度和压力变化,以过氧化氢叔丁基为例说明加速量热仪测试结果在研究物质质变热稳定性方面的应用,得到了过氧化氢叔丁基放热分解反应的温度-时间和压力-时间关系曲线以及升温速度和压力随温度变化的曲线,通过计算和分析得到了反应系统升压速率随压力的变化曲线,计算出了过氧化氢叔丁基分解反应的动力学参数表观活化能Ea和指前因子A。 相似文献
304.
造纸黑液制备球形阳离子木质素吸附树脂 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以造纸黑液中的碱木质素为原料,采用两步法制备球形阳离子木质素吸附树脂,并用扫描电镜和傅立叶变换红外光谱仪对其进行表征.第1步以造纸黑液中的碱木质素为原料,利用反相悬浮法制备球形木质素珠体,通过正交实验得出以占木质素质量1.5%的环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,吐温80为分散剂(含量为木质素质量的3%),煤油为分散相,O/W相比为3∶1,反应温度为90℃,搅拌速度为200r/min,反应时间1h为球形木质素珠体制备的最佳条件.第2步利用丙烯酰胺对球形木质素珠体接枝,得出以H2O2/Fe2+为引发剂,丙烯酰胺浓度为0.72mol/L,室温反应2h为接枝的适宜条件,在此条件下可得到离子交换容量为1.6405mmol/g的阳离子木质素吸附树脂. 相似文献
305.
突发事件连锁反应的实证研究——以2008年初我国南方冰雪灾害为例 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
从突发事件连锁反应分析,认为2008年初我国南方的冰雪灾害是由自然灾害引发的连锁反应事件。选择了新浪网冰雪灾害报道专题的近4 000篇报道作为数据源,从时间、空间和事件角度揭示了此次冰雪灾害的演化过程,并分析了事件扩散的原因。 相似文献
306.
采用温和的无模板溶液反应合成了α-Fe2O3/AC复合催化剂,作为光Fenton降解双酚A反应的催化剂。通过XRD、SEM、FTIR、DRS、BET、XPS等方法对催化剂的形貌和理化特性进行了分析。结果表明:该催化剂晶型良好,为介孔材料,能够有效吸收和利用紫外光和可见光;该催化剂具有较高的催化活性,稳定性良好;在初始双酚A质量浓度为30 mg/L、溶液pH为4、H2O2加入量为320 mg/L、反应温度为40 ℃、催化剂加入量为1.33 g/L的条件下,双酚A降解率可达91.4%。 相似文献
307.
Polyoxometalate, K6TiW11O39Sn·7H2O (TiW11Sn), was synthesized and characterized. TiW11Sn and K6ZrW11O39Sn·12H2O (ZrW11Sn) were evaluated for their photocatalytic degradation of triarylmethane (brilliant green and acid blue 9), bisazo (C.I. reactive black 5), and monoazo dyestuffs (C.I. reactive red 24, C.I. reactive red 194, and C.I. reactive orange 5) with natural sunlight in homogeneous aqueous solutions. TiW11Sn and ZrW11Sn effectively and photocatalytically decolorized the dyestuffs. The TiW11Sn- and ZrW11Sn-mediated photocatalytic degradation of the dyestuffs involved a pseudo-first-order reaction and was modeled by Langmuir–Hinshelwood-type kinetics. The observed pseudo-first-order rate constants (K/) of triarylmethane dyestuffs were generally bigger than that of the azo dyestuffs. Quantitative structure–property relationship models of the K/ of the dyestuffs were developed using partial least-square regression. The cumulative variance of the dependent variable explained by the partial least-square components was > 0.753 for each optimal model. This value indicated that the model had good predictive ability and robustness. The K/ values of the dyestuffs were related to the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and the most positive net atomic charges on a sulfur atom of dyestuffs. The linear correlation coefficients between the predicted and experimental values were all > 0.9950. 相似文献
308.
M. A. Vishnuganth Neelancherry Remya N. Selvaraju 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(5):353-360
Carbofuran (CBF) removal in a continuous-flow photocatalytic reactor with granular activated carbon supported titanium dioxide (GAC-TiO2) catalyst was investigated. The effects of feed flow rate, TiO2 concentration and addition of supplementary oxidants on CBF removal were investigated. The central composite design (CCD) was used to design the experiments and to estimate the effects of feed flow rate and TiO2 concentration on CBF removal. The outcome of CCD experiments demonstrated that reactor performance was influenced mainly by feed flow rate compared to TiO2 concentration. A second-order polynomial model developed based on CCD experiments fitted the experimental data with good correlation (R2 ~ 0.964). The addition of 1 mL min?1 hydrogen peroxide has shown complete CBF degradation and 76% chemical oxygen demand removal under the following operating conditions of CBF ~50 mg L?1, TiO2 ~5 mg L?1 and feed flow rate ~82.5 mL min?1. Rate constant of the photodegradation process was also calculated by applying the kinetic data in pseudo-first-order kinetics. Four major degradation intermediates of CBF were identified using GC-MS analysis. As a whole, the reactor system and GAC-TiO2 catalyst used could be constructive in cost-effective CBF removal with no impact to receiving environment through getaway of photocatalyst. 相似文献
309.
310.