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521.
522.
Abstract A part of the research work conducted to evaluate the efficiency of a locally available low cost wood charcoal in removing endosulfan, an organochlorine insecticide, has been presented here in this paper. In the batch experiments conducted at 1 mg/I initial concentration of endosulfan, it was found that wood charcoal could remove endosulfan from water up to 95%. Kinetic profiles were developed for various conditions and they followed second order kinetic reactions. Adsorption equilibrium time was determined by two different approaches namely rough estimate and 2% slope criteria. The equilibrium time was found to be 5 hrs. Forward, reverse, and overall reaction rate constants were determined by approximating the kinetic data to the first order reversible kinetic model. Rate constants increased with increasing initial concentration of endosulfan. Rate limiting process was determined by using kinetics data and further confirmed by the multiple interruption test. Pore and film diffusion coefficients were determined from the half time equations. Film diffusion appeared to be the rate limiting which was further supported by the multiple interruption test. 相似文献
523.
The metal-based catalytic oxidation of alkenes to the corresponding epoxides is playing a significant role in the modern chemical industry. Nevertheless, these key processes are still lacking proper understanding with respect to the gas-phase runaway behaviour (thermal explosion) and to the hot spot formation on the catalytic surface, under the typical process conditions.This work aims to enlighten these aspects by considering either the catalytic or the gas-phase chemistry for the development of reactor operative diagrams, in order to define the best-operating conditions with respect to the selectivity, the productivity, and the process safety aspects.The proposed methodology has been applied to the oxidation of ethylene and propylene for the direct oxidation process by pure oxygen, considering a detailed kinetic model accounting for the homogeneous reactions, coupled with the heterogeneous catalytic mechanisms.Sensitivity and reaction path analyses were performed to individuate the ruling species and reactions determining the transition to runaway conditions. 相似文献
524.
Computing kinetic triplet is of importance for the process safety of combustion/gasification industries to establish the chemical reaction scheme and to assess the hazardous risk. Few approaches have been capable of calculating lumped kinetic triplet at one time efficiently, which might be attributed to the fact that the analytical solution for the nonlinear ordinary differential equation (NNODE) for the nth order reaction model has not been found yet. This paper presents an analytical solution of NNODE to compute kinetic triplet. Results showed that the proposed method (mass fraction curve-fitting error ϕ = 1.49%–2.07%) is more efficient to compute kinetic triplet of the nth order reaction model, comparing to genetic algorithm (GA) optimization (ϕ = 1.43%–1.81%), Coats-Redfern (ϕ = 2.36%–3.16%), peak-shape, and isoconversional methods. A compensation effect between lnA and Ea is observed due to heating rates. Effects of exported data quality and smooth processing on computation of kinetic triplet are discussed. It is the first time that an analytical solution of NNODE (nth order model) for global one-step heterogeneous reaction is derived for computing kinetic triplet. This work may help to search for analytical solutions of power-law and Avrami-Erofeev models in the future to efficiently calculate kinetic triplet for accelerating and sigmoidal reaction systems. 相似文献
525.
研究了1(4硝基苯基)3(5溴吡啶)三氮烯(NPBPDT)的合成及其与汞的显色反应。在TX100存在下,pH值为11.5的Na2B4O7NaOH缓冲溶液中,该试剂能与汞发生显色反应,汞与NPBPDT形成摩尔比为1∶2型的黄色配合物,在440nm处有一最大正吸收峰,在535nm处有一最大负吸收。以440nm为参比波长,535nm为测量波长进行双波长测定,表观摩尔吸光系数为2.80×105Lmol·cm,汞的浓度在0~12μg25mL范围内符合比尔定律。用拟定方法测定废水中的微量汞,有较高的准确度和精密度。 相似文献
526.
内电解还原-高效厌氧反应工艺处理化工生产废水 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
化工生产废水中有机物浓度高,成分复杂,采用常规的处理工艺难以达标。本工艺采用分级处理的方法,先通过催化氧化、内电解铁屑还原反应装置,降低生产浓废水中的有机物含量,改善污水的可生化性;再采用高效厌氧反应器进一步处理废水,有机物去除率高,出水水质稳定,实现了达标排放。 相似文献
527.
以2-n-丙基酚为研究对象,分3个质量浓度系列研究其在人工模拟海水中的耗氧特性及降解过程.试验结果表明,在该模拟海水体系中,ρ(DO)呈现先下降后上升的趋势,ρ(DO)变化过程与2-n-丙基酚的生物降解过程密切相关,ρ(DO)最低值出现在2-n-丙基酚降解率达85%~90%的阶段.2-n-丙基酚在该体系中的生物降解反应符合一级反应动力学规律,其生物降解速率与2-n-丙基酚初始质量浓度有关.2-n-丙基酚初始质量浓度增加,生物降解速率下降,滞后期和半衰期也相应延长. 相似文献
528.
529.
石灰在填埋场防渗层中的改性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
渗滤液是城市固体废物填埋场污染环境的主要来源之一。防渗层可以减少其对环境的污染。鉴于天然防渗层中存在防渗性能差等问题,提出将石灰作为配比填料加入到填埋场底部防渗层中。实验表明,在天然防渗层中分别加入配比为0%、5%和10%的石灰后,配比为10%的防渗层防渗性能良好,对COD和锌离子去除能力较强,效果最佳。 相似文献
530.