潜流人工湿地中氮磷污染物净化的分层效应研究

选定芦苇、小叶章为湿地植物,土壤、炉渣为基质,构建3个小型潜流人工湿地系统,通过间歇运行方式,考察了模拟系统上层、下层中N、P和pH值等指标的变化.结果表明,当水力停留时间为10 d时,小叶章和芦苇湿地上层总氮的去除负荷分别为0.771 g·(m2·d)-1和1.481 g·(m2·d)-1,分别是下层的1.15倍和1...     

pH对亚硝化、厌氧氨氧化反应及联合工艺氮素转化的影响

利用具有pH调节功能的序批式反应器,分别接种好氧生物膜和厌氧颗粒污泥,研究了不同pH对自养生物脱氮工艺氮素转化的影响。结果表明:当pH为8.18时,亚硝氮累积速率较高,为0.79 kg/(m3·d)。当pH为7.85时,厌氧氨氧化菌脱氮效能达到最大,为1.52 kg/(m3·d)。联合工艺进水pH为7.7±0.1时,优先控制好氧段pH为7.5左右,厌氧段pH为7.6,氮去除速率高达0.98 kg/(m3·d)。     

Treatment of coke plant wastewater by SND fixed biofilm hybrid system

In this article, coke plant wastewater was treated by a simultaneous nitrifying and denitrifying （SND） fixed biofilm hybrid system. The results showed that suitable parameters of the system were important for the performance of the bio-degradation system. The chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal efficiency in this system was satisfactory, higher than 94%, and ammonia nitrogen was higher than 95%. The effluent COD concentration could meet the discharge standard, except for very few situations. The results showed that a sufficient carbon source was important for making ammonia nitrogen concentration meet the discharge standard. Then the TiN removal efficiency in this system can be brought higher than 94%. Dissolved oxygen （DO） is very important to the performance of the SND bio-degradation system, and the suitable DO is about 3.5-4.0 mg/L at the forepart of reactor. In addition, the performance of the system was almost not affected by pH value. The results show that the system is feasible to treat coke plant wastewater.     

pH均值计算述评及验证

pH值是水化学中常用和最重要的检验项目之一,pH均值的计算已引起环境科学工作者的重视,并提出了很多有见地的计算方法。对这些计算方法作一简要归纳和评述,并通过实测进行验证。     

Characteristics of anoxic phosphors removal in sequence batch reactor

The characteristics of anaerobic phosphorus release and anoxic phosphorus uptake were investigated in sequencing batch reactors using denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria （DPB） sludge. The lab-scale experiments were accomplished under conditions of various nitrite concentrations （5.5, 9.5, and 15 mg/L） and mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） （1844, 3231, and 6730 mg/L）. The results obtained confirmed that nitrite, MLSS, and pH were key factors, which had a significant impact on anaerobic phosphorus release and anoxic phosphorus uptake in the biological phosphorous removal process. The nitrites were able to successfully act as electron acceptors for phosphorous uptake at a limited concentration between 5.5 and 9.5 mg/L. The denitrification and dephosphorous were inhibited when the nitrite concentration reached 15 mg/L. This observation indicated that the nitrite would not inhibit phosphorus uptake before it exceeded a threshold concentration. It was assumed that an increase of MLSS concentration from 1844 mg/L to 6730 mg/L led to the increase of denitrification and anoxic P-uptake rate. On the contrary, the average P-uptake/N denitrifying reduced from 2.10 to 1.57 mg PO4^3--P/mg NO3^--N. Therefore, it could be concluded that increasing MLSS of the DEPHANOX system might shorten the reaction time of phosphorus release and anoxic phosphorus uptake. However, excessive MLSS might reduce the specific denitrifying rate. Meanwhile, a rapid pH increase occurred at the beginning of the anoxic conditions as a result of denitrification and anoxic phosphate uptake. Anaerobic P release rate increased with an increase in pH. Moreover, when pH exceeded a relatively high value of 8.0, the dissolved P concentration decreased in the liquid phase, because of chemical precipitation. This observation suggested that pH should be strictly controlled below 8.0 to avoid chemical precipitation if the biological denitrifying phosphorus removal capability is to be studied accurately.     

南宁市道路初期雨水径流污染物浓度分析

初期雨水污染是雨水径流污染的主要贡献者,掌握初期雨水的污染特征,对于城市雨水处理设施建设尤为重要。以南宁市为例,开展了城市初期雨水径流污染特性分析,旨在为南宁市海绵城市建设以及雨水处理措施提供参考。选取6个采样点的8场降雨,对常规水质指标(COD、NH3-N、TN、TP、SS)进行分析,揭示了降雨过程中污染物的瞬时浓度分布。结果表明:建成区污染物浓度范围和污染物平均水平均明显高于规划区;不同雨型下,雨水初期冲刷效果强弱顺序为暴雨>大雨>中雨>小雨;除小雨外,其他雨型在降雨20 min左右时污染物浓度达到平衡;暴雨情况下,污染物浓度在5 min内降低50%,15 min内70%~80%的污染物随雨水直排或进入城市管网。     

不同营养水平沉积物在不同pH下对磷酸盐的等温吸附特征

研究了不同营养水平沉积物在不同pH下对磷酸盐的吸附等温线,分别采用了线性和非线性2种方法拟合吸附等温线,并分析比较了2种方法的适用性.结果表明:①不同营养水平沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附量在接近中性时最大,酸性和碱性条件下均下降,污染严重的沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附受pH影响较污染轻的大;②不同pH下,不同营养水平沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附等温线没有明显规律;③沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附行为采用线性和非线性拟合均存在不足,不能仅仅根据R2和X2的大小进行拟合方程的适用性比较;④为了获得更为真实可靠的拟合结果,可以利用线性和非线性方法分别进行拟合,而每一种拟合方法也要同时采用多种拟合方程,在对多个拟合结果比较的基础上确定更符合实验数据的拟合方程.      

生物沥浸法去除不同初始pH值猪粪中的重金属

试验研究了不同初始pH值下猪粪中Cu、Zn和Cd的生物沥浸效果,结果表明猪粪生物沥浸对初始pH值的要求并不严格,具有较广的适用范围。猪粪粪液即使在初始pH值为8的弱碱性条件下,其pH值也可随沥浸时间快速降低,生物沥浸12天降到1.37,Cu、Zn和Cd沥出率可达到90.76%、97.97%和80.45%。初始pH值对重金属的沥浸速率有一定影响,降低初始pH值可以缩短生物沥浸周期,重金属的沥浸周期受不同初始pH值的影响程度从大到小依次为:CuZnCd。初始pH值为5的猪粪粪液可以在9天内完成生物沥浸,Cu、Zn和Cd沥出率可达到93.83%、99.24%和70.98%     

钦州湾近20 a来水环境指标的变化趋势Ⅶ:水温、盐度和pH的量值变化及其对生态环境的影响

根据钦州湾1983~2003年间12个航次水温、盐度和pH的调查资料,从其演化趋势及其与环境因子之间的关系入手展开分析研究。结果表明:该湾盐度具有随时间变化而下降的演化趋势,水温则多以上升趋势、pH则多以下降趋势出现;相关分析显示,盐度与环境因子之间出现相关性的几率最多,而水温和pH出现的几率只有盐度的一半,但均以与S i的相关性最为显著,N次之,而P则均无相关性出现。从不同时期水温、盐度和pH与环境因子之间关系的变化情况看,物理输运作用对海湾生态环境的影响正在逐步减弱,而生物作用的影响已呈现出上升势头,对海湾生态环境的可持续发展极为有利。     

MOF-Fe吸附Se(Ⅳ)的特性与机制研究

水热法合成了MOF-Fe样品,研究了不同pH条件下MOF-Fe对亚硒酸根(Se(Ⅳ))的等温吸附和动力学吸附特性;基于吸附前后样品悬浮液的pH和Zeta电位、粉末样品的衰减漫反射红外光谱(ATR-IR)和X-射线光电子能谱(XPS),分析了MOF-Fe对Se(Ⅳ)的吸附机制.当吸附体系的初始pH分别为3.0、4.0和5.0时,样品对Se(Ⅳ)的Langmuir最大吸附容量(Qm)分别为0.690、0.534和0.538 mmol·g-1,3种pH条件下的吸附亲和力(b)表现为pH 3.0pH 4.0pH 5.0.3种pH条件下,样品对Se(Ⅳ)的吸附都在20 min内趋于饱和,二级动力学方程对吸附动力学数据的拟合度(R2)均大于0.999,MOF-Fe吸附Se(Ⅳ)的内扩散过程可用Weber-Morris方程描述.当吸附体系初始pH为3.0时,MOF-Fe与Se(Ⅳ)之间的吸附作用机制主要为:配位不饱和Fe与H_2SeO_3之间的配位作用、脱羟基后的活性Fe与[O_2SeOH]~-的键合作用及单齿羧羰基氧与Se(Ⅳ)之间的氢键作用.当吸附体系初始pH为5.0时,MOF-Fe与Se(Ⅳ)之间的吸附作用机制主要为:Fe—OH与[O_2SeOH]~-的阴离子交换作用,[SeO_3]~(2-)破坏了桥式羧羟基Fe—O键并与Fe—OH发生阴离子交换作用形成双齿吸附态Se(Ⅳ)以及单齿羧羰基氧与Se(Ⅳ)之间的氢键作用.