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排序方式: 共有406条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
81.
鄱阳湖和洞庭湖作为我国面积最大的两个通江湖泊,其湖体水质变化对长江干流水质以及湖区周围居民用水安全至关重要.通过三维荧光-平行因子分析得到4个荧光组分,研究两个湖泊的有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)光谱组成在丰、平和枯这3种水文情景下的变化规律,试图揭示鄱阳湖和洞庭湖CDOM来源及组成对不同丰枯情景的响应机制.结果表明:不同水文情景对鄱阳湖CDOM水质参数影响更为显著,CDOM吸收系数a(254)和溶解性有机碳(DOC)浓度表现为丰水期>平水期>枯水期(t-test,P<0.01),CDOM光谱吸收斜率S275-295表现为枯水期>平水期>丰水期(t-test,P<0.01),洞庭湖a(254)在不同水文情景下差异不显著,比紫外吸收系数SUVA254最大值出现在平水期.平行因子分析法解析三维荧光光谱得到4个荧光组分,枯水期两湖CDOM类蛋白组分贡献率较大,平水期类蛋白组分及类腐殖酸组分贡献率大致相当,丰水期两个湖泊类腐殖酸贡献率占主要部分.在空间分布上,枯水期鄱阳湖4个组分的荧光强度在上游南部湖区偏小,北部偏大... 相似文献
82.
液态放射性流出物是核设施运行的必然产物,滨海核设施向大海进行稀释排放处置,内陆核设施缺少稀释载体,采用自然蒸发空气载带方式将液体流出物通过气态途径向大气稀释排放是可行的替代方案,可以实现液态流出物的零排放.自然蒸发空气载带排放方案描述了工艺原理,提出了空气流速、空气温度、环境相对湿度、废水温度等与蒸发强度的关系,给出了... 相似文献
83.
Earl R. Byron Charles R. Goldman 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1990,26(6):983-989
ABSTRACT Atmospheric scientists have predicted that large-scale climatic changes will result from increasing levels of tropospheric CO2 We have investigated the potential effects of climate change on the primary productivity of Castle Lake, a mountain lake in Northern California. Annual algal productivity was modeled empirically using 25 years of limnological data in order to establish predictive relationships between productivity and the climatic variables of accumulated snow depth and precipitation. The outputs of monthly temperature and precipitation from three general circulation models (GCMs) of doubled atmospheric CO2 were then used in the regression model to predict annual algal productivity. In all cases, the GCM scenarios predicted increased algal productivity for Castle Lake under cenditions of doubled atmospheric CO2The primary cause of enhanced productivity was the increased length of the growing season resulting from earlier spring ice-out. 相似文献
84.
中国内河船舶大气防污染对策及运力结构改善对沿岸港口大气环境质量的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
针对IMO防止船舶大气污染的国际公约及中国内河船舶大气污染防治历史与现状,结合西部大开发及中国内河航运的发展规划,对内河船舶大气污染的防治对策、主任任务及措施实施后对沿线主要港口城市大气环境质量的影响进行了研究和探讨,在此基础上提出了中国内河船舶未来一段时期大气污染防治的根本思路与战略。 相似文献
85.
洗涤剂禁(限)磷前后水体磷负荷变化的思考 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
基于杭州西湖在洗涤剂禁 (限 )磷前后总磷含量的变化 ,分析了水体磷负荷的主要来源 ,以及对在我国实行洗涤剂禁 (限 )磷工作的一些思考。 相似文献
86.
长江中下游浅水湖泊沉积物磷释放动力学 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
在室内模拟条件下,通过沉积物磷释放动力学实验,研究了长江中下游浅水湖泊13个沉积物的磷释放动力学特征,并分析了沉积物组成特征对磷释放动力学的影响,结果表明:(1)指数动力学模型可以很好地拟合长江中下游浅水湖泊沉积物磷释放动力学特征,前20h为快反应,磷释放速度较大,随后进入慢反应,逐渐达到最大释放量;(2)沉积物磷释放动力学特征与其组成有关,其中与总氮、总磷和有机质含量呈显著正相关,与沙粒含量呈显著负相关,而与粘粒含量没有达到显著水平,与Olsen-P(0.5mol·L-1NaHCO3,pH8.5提取的磷)和易解吸态磷(RDP)含量达极显著正相关水平;(3)可以根据总磷和有效磷含量来比较和预测湖泊沉积物磷释放动力学特征,且根据有效磷含量可以得到比根据总磷含量更可靠的结果。研究成果可为系统揭示浅水湖泊富营养化发生机制提供依据。 相似文献
87.
The Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability is traditionally viewed as an initial-value problem, wherein wave perturbations of a
two-layer shear flow grow over time into billows and eventually generate vertical mixing. Yet, the instability can also be
viewed as a boundary-value problem. In such a framework, there exists an upstream condition where a lighter fluid flows over
a denser fluid, wave perturbations grow downstream to eventually overturn some distance away from the point of origin. As
the reverse of the traditional problem, this flow is periodic in time and exhibits instability in space. A natural application
is the mixing of a warmer river emptying into a colder lake or reservoir, or the salt-wedge estuary. This study of the KH
instability from the perspective of a boundary-value problem is divided into two parts. Firstly, the instability theory is
conducted with a real frequency and complex horizontal wavenumber, and the main result is that the critical wavelength at
the instability threshold is longer in the boundary-value than in the initial-value situation. Secondly, mass, momentum and
energy budgets are performed between the upstream, unmixed state on one side, and the downstream, mixed state on the other,
to determine under which condition mixing is energetically possible. Cases with a rigid lid and free surface are treated separately.
And, although the algebra is somewhat complicated, both end results are identical to the criterion for complete mixing in
the initial-value problem. 相似文献
88.
新疆平原湖泊(包括人工湖)水质盐化及其防治途径 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
新疆平原湖泊、平原水库盐化日趋严重。湖泊、水库水质盐化对渔业、灌溉、苇产、饮水和人体健康带来很大影响。引起湖泊、水库水质盐化的原因,主要是人为活动造 水盐与水量平衡关系改变的结果。为防止水质盐化,必须减少农田排水泄入河道和湖泊、增加入湖水量,扭转湖泊水量平衡长期亏损状态。 相似文献
89.
C. Spence G. Ali C.J. Oswald C. Wellen 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(2):318-333
Lakes are landscape features that influence connectivity of mass and energy by being foci for the reception, mixing, and provision of water and material. Where lake fractions are high, they influence hydrological connectivity. This behavior was exemplified in the Baker Creek watershed in Canada's Northwest Territories during a two‐year drought in which many lake levels declined below outlet elevations. This study evaluated how lakes controlled surface runoff connectivity reestablishment following the drought using a new assessment method, T‐TEL (time scales — thresholds, excesses, losses). Analysis of daily data showed that during a summer period following the drought, connectivity occurred between 0% and 41% of the time. The size of run‐of‐the‐river lakes relative to their upstream watershed area, and the upstream lake fraction, are two factors for connectivity. These terms represent a lake's ability to control the size of storage deficits relative to rainfall, and evaporation and storage losses along pathways. The connectivity magnitude–duration curve only aligned with the watershed flow duration curve during high‐water conditions, implying lakes functioned as individuals rather than as part of a perennial watercourse during much of the study. The T‐TEL method can be used to quantify consistent metrics of hydrologic connectivity that can be used for regionalization exercises and understanding hydrologic controls on material transport. 相似文献
90.
Stefan M. Bischof Brian R. Herwig Stephen D. Sebestyen Mark A. Hanson Kyle D. Zimmer James B. Cotner Timothy J. Kroeger 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2019,55(2):485-496
Groundwater exchanges with most lakes are rarely quantified because there are many technical challenges to quantification. We investigated a lakebed mapping approach to infer the relative areas of groundwater exchange in 12 prairie shallow lakes and five Laurentian mixed forest shallow lakes in Minnesota, USA in 2011. We used a relatively common approach (seepage meters) to provide baseline information on the magnitude and direction of flow at four locations in each lake. To expand from point measurements to the whole‐lake scale, we explored use of specific conductivity as a cheaper and more time efficient proxy for groundwater discharge to lakes. We validated the approach at near shore stations in each lake where seepage meter measurements and specific conductivity surveys overlapped. Specific conductivity surveys provided a similar assessment of groundwater discharge compared to seepage meters for 50% of the lake‐sampling period combinations. The lakebed mapping approach, when validated for a lake with a limited number of seepage meter (or alternative methods) measurements, offers the advantages of being more time and labor efficient over the use of a similar number of seepage meter monitoring locations; seepage meters (or piezometers, for example) are costlier in terms of equipment and labor, even for single‐lake studies. We show the combined approach could provide useful baselines for understanding and mapping groundwater exchange in shallow lakes. 相似文献