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Considering the role of radon in epidemiology, an attempt was made to make a nation-wide map of indoor 222Rn and 220Rn for India. More than 5000 measurements have been carried out in 1500 dwellings across the country comprising urban and nonurban locations. The solid state nuclear track detectors based twin cup 222Rn/220Rn discrimination dosimeters were deployed for the measurement of indoor 222Rn, 220Rn and their progeny levels. The geometric means of estimated annual inhalation dose rate due to indoor 222Rn, 220Rn and their progeny in the dwellings was 0.94 mSvy−1 (geometric standard deviation 2.5). It was observed that the major contribution to the indoor inhalation dose was due to indoor 222Rn and its progeny. However, the contribution due to indoor 220Rn and its progeny was not trivial as it was found to be about 20% of the total indoor inhalation dose rates. The indoor 222Rn levels in dwellings was significantly different depending on the nature of walls and floorings. 相似文献
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微生物菌剂对畜禽粪便好氧堆肥过程中重金属钝化与氮转化的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本研究探讨了以黄孢原毛平革菌(p)、黑曲霉(a)和地衣芽孢杆菌(b)组合的一系列微生物复合菌剂对猪粪好氧堆肥效果、重金属钝化以及氮转化的影响.研究结果表明,在促进堆肥进程和腐熟程度的效果上,菌剂(b+p+a) > 菌剂(b+p) > 菌剂(p).当b:p:a=1:5:5时(处理D),种子发芽率指数(GI)在第16 d即达到80%,且C/N降低至11.4,效果最佳.在重金属钝化方面,钝化效果为:菌剂(p) > 菌剂(b+p+a) > 菌剂(b+p).重金属Cu和Zn钝化效率在仅添加菌剂(p)时最高,钝化率分别达到69.7%和59.4%.在固氮效果方面,菌剂(b+p) > 菌剂(b+p+a) > 菌剂(p),当b:p:a=1:8:0时(处理E),固氮效果最优,与处理B(CK)相比,总氮和有机氮损失分别减少了17.3%和18.5%.由此可见,微生物菌剂配比对猪粪堆肥化进程、重金属钝化和氮素保持等具有重要影响. 相似文献
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Sinkkonen A Strömmer R Penttinen OP 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,153(3):523-525
Very low toxicant concentrations reduce the frequency of most vital seedlings in dense stands in vitro. 相似文献
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38.
Transformation of organic matters in fresh leachate during anaerobic
degradation under long hydraulic retention time 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study investigated the biodegradability of fresh leachate from a young municipal solid waste landfill at the inoculum to substrate
ratios (V/V) of 10/100, 25/100, 50/100 and 100/100, as well as the transformation of organic matters in leachate under prolonged
hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 50 d. Fresh leachate showed a good biodegradability, with chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal
e ciency as high as 87%–92% and cumulative methane yield close to theoretical value (0.35 L CH4/g CODdeg). Methane production
and COD depletion presented biphasic characteristics associated with the successive utilization of two major intermediates, acetate and
propionate. The biphasic degradation of fresh leachate was resulted from the di erent hydrolysis rates of diverse substrates and the
changes in microorganism community structure. After 50 d, the e uents were dominated by high-MW organic compounds (MW > 10
kDa) at each inoculum ratio, which might be refractory compounds released from cell lyses. 相似文献
39.
丛枝菌根真菌和两株细菌对土壤中DEHP降解及绿豆生长的影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
采用绿豆为供试植物,通过温室盆栽试验研究接种丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌与DEHP降解菌对DEHP污染土壤的修复作用以及对植物生长的影响.试验土壤中添加DEHP含量为100mg·kg-1,试验设AM真菌Acaulospora laelis 90034、降解菌Bacillus sp.DW1和Gordonia sp.DH3单独接种以及互相组合的联合接种处理,同时设置不接种的对照处理(CK).苗后60 d收获植株.结果表明,AM真菌能很好的侵染绿豆的根系,菌根侵染提高了绿豆地上部分的干重,而对根系的干重则没有显著的影响;同时菌根侵染也促进了绿豆的P营养.但接种DW1与DH3对菌根侵染率与绿豆生长都没有显著影响.3种菌剂无论是单独或者联合接种都能显著促进土壤中DEHP的降解,3种菌剂同时接种则对DEHP的降解能达到最好的协同作用,同时也减少DEHP在绿豆地上部分的累积,这为DEHP污染农田土壤的植物修复提供了理论依据. 相似文献
40.
V. N. Pozolotina P. I. Sobakin I. V. Molchanova E. N. Karavaeva L. N. Mikhailovskaya 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2000,31(1):14-19
A complex radioecological study of technogenic landscapes of southern Yakutia showed that the main factor responsible for
their contamination with uranium and radium is radionuclide dispersal by air with products of rock weathering. Coefficients
of biological absorption by plants decrease with an increase in the contamination level, which is explained by the fact that
strongly fixed forms of uranium and radium prevail in the contaminated areas. In addition, the root barrier plays an important
role. Radiation load is mainly determined by background gamma-radiation. The contribution of internal irradiation accounted
for by incorporated radionuclides does not exceed 16% and decreases with an increase in the level of soil contamination. Manchurian
alder seeds produced under conditions of enhanced background radiation are more viable than those from the control area. It
is shown that seed generations of plants growing under conditions of chronic irradiation are highly resistant to the radiation
factor. 相似文献