转pBinMoBc基因棉花的培育与应用

采用农杆菌介导法将含有复合OM启动子和增强子Ω因子的外源基因pBinMoBc导入冀棉20中.转化再生株经分子检测表明,外源基因已整合到转基因植株基因组内,并得到了表达,转化外源基因插入拷贝数是1~2个.转化后代材料经6~7代选育为纯合品系2001pb-3.2001pb-3抗虫性较好,每公顷产皮棉1534.5kg,比对照增产18.68%.图5表3参4     

家蚕斑纹限性品种SC_1的RAPD差异DNA片段的克隆及其酶切图谱分析

利用RAPD技术对家蚕限性普斑品种SC1的雌雄体分别进行PCR扩增通过120种引物的筛选,得到1个雌体特异的RAPDDNA片段将该片段克隆到pUC19质粒,井进行了限制性内切酶图谱分析.     

2株苯胺降解的分离鉴定及其降解特性研究

从处理印染废水的活性污泥中分离得到2株苯胺降解菌,从菌落、细胞形态、生理生化及16S rRNA基因扩增测序等方面对2株菌进行了鉴定,并比较分析2株菌在好氧与缺氧条件下的苯胺降解、偶氮染料脱色及苯胺脱氨氧化酶基因tdnQ和黄素还原酶基因(fre)的携带情况.结果表明,2株菌属于Pseudomonas属和Shewanella属,分别命名为Pseudomonas sp.AN30和Shewanella sp.DN425.AN30菌株在振荡好氧条件下72h内对250mg/L苯胺的降解率为96.1%,DN425菌株的降解率为13.8%;在静置缺氧条件下AN30菌株的苯胺降解率为39.6%,DN425菌株的降解率仅为8.6%.DN425菌株在静置缺氧条件下4h内可将初始浓度为50 mg/L的偶氮染料酸性大红彻底脱色,而AN30菌株对酸性大红不具有脱色能力.以总DNA为模板,分别用tdnQ基因和fre基因特异性引物进行扩增,2株菌均能扩增出大小分别为380bp和630bp左右的目标条带,显示2菌株均携带有苯胺脱氨氧化酶基因和黄素还原酶基因.     

萘降解菌N19-3的分离、鉴定和萘双加氧酶基因的检测

从石油污染土壤中分离到一株高效降解萘的N19-3菌株. 经形态观察、生理生化实验和16S rDNA序列分析等鉴定其为丛毛单胞菌属（Comamonas sp.）. 该菌株能在30 ℃,30h内将1 000mg/L的萘完全降解. 降解萘的适宜温度为20～30 ℃, 适宜pH为7.0～9.0. 0.1mmol/L的Ca2+和Fe3+对N19-3菌株降解萘有较强的促进作用, 0.1 mmol/L的Mn2+和Zn2+对N19-3菌株的生长和萘的降解也有一定的促进作用, 而0.1 mmol/L的 Cu2+则完全抑制了N19-3菌株的生长和萘的降解. 通过PCR方法在N19-3菌株中扩增出分别与C. testosteroni H菌株的萘双加氧酶铁硫蛋白大亚基基因（pahAc）与双加氧酶铁硫蛋白小亚基基因（pahAd）高度同源的核苷酸片断.      

Microbial community functional structure in response to micro-aerobic conditions in sulfate-reducing sulfur-producing bioreactor

Limited oxygen supply to anaerobic wastewater treatment systems had been demonstrated as an effective strategy to improve elemental sulfur(S0) recovery, coupling sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation. However, little is known about the impact of dissolved oxygen(DO) on the microbial functional structures in these systems. We used a high throughput tool(GeoChip) to evaluate the microbial community structures in a biological desulfurization reactor under micro-aerobic conditions(DO: 0.02–0.33 mg/L). The results indicated that the microbial community functional compositions and structures were dramatically altered with elevated DO levels. The abundances of dsrA/B genes involved in sulfate reduction processes significantly decreased(p 0.05, LSD test) at relatively high DO concentration(DO: 0.33 mg/L). The abundances of sox and fccA/B genes involved in sulfur/sulfide oxidation processes significantly increased(p 0.05, LSD test) in low DO concentration conditions(DO: 0.09 mg/L) and then gradually decreased with continuously elevated DO levels. Their abundances coincided with the change of sulfate removal efficiencies and elemental sulfur(S0) conversion efficiencies in the bioreactor. In addition, the abundance of carbon degradation genes increased with the raising of DO levels, showing that the heterotrophic microorganisms(e.g., fermentative microorganisms) were thriving under micro-aerobic condition. This study provides new insights into the impacts of micro-aerobic conditions on the microbial functional structure of sulfatereducing sulfur-producing bioreactors, and revealed the potential linkage between functional microbial communities and reactor performance.     

稻田落干过程砷甲基化效率变化与关键影响因素分析

研究稻田落干过程砷甲基化效率变化规律,分析关键环境和生物因素的影响,为今后水稻直穗病防控提供科学依据.开展室内培养模拟稻田落干过程,以采集自贵州兴仁（XR）和广西南丹（ND）的两种砷污染水稻土壤为供试土壤,各土壤设置添加（RS）和不添加（CK）水稻秸秆处理,分析自然落干0、24、36、48和60 h过程中Eh、pH、孔隙水总有机碳（TOC）、砷形态、砷甲基化功能基因（arsM）、硫酸盐还原菌（dsrA,砷甲基化相关微生物）、产甲烷菌（mcrA,砷去甲基化相关微生物）丰度和arsM功能微生物多样性变化.稻田落干过程土壤Eh由完全淹水状态下的-300~-200 mV向落干后的-150~-50 mV变迁,而pH值变化规律不明显;孔隙水无机砷（iAs）和二甲基砷（DMAs）浓度随落干过程变化更为显著,总体呈现增加趋势,且RS处理DMAs浓度显著高于CK,ND土壤孔隙水比XR土壤孔隙水DMAs浓度更高;随落干时间延长,XR-CK和XR-RS处理土壤砷甲基化效率有一定提升,但变化不显著,而ND-CK和ND-RS处理土壤砷甲基化效率显著增加.当培养为60 h时,ND-CK和ND-RS处理砷甲基化效率相比培养初期分别提高约61.8%和23.2%;随落干时间延长arsM和dsrA基因拷贝数明显增加,而mcrA基因拷贝数显著下降.秸秆添加后显著提高全细菌和arsM、dsrA和mcrA基因丰度;进一步基于多因素方差分析和冗余分析发现,供试土壤、秸秆添加、落干时间和其交互作用对于各砷形态、砷甲基化效率和关键基因丰度变化影响显著,TOC、Eh和砷甲基化相关基因与甲基态砷呈正向关联,而与无机砷iAs呈负向关联;基于arsM微生物测序发现,伴随落干过程还发生着砷甲基化功能微生物群落的更替.研究结果有助于提升稻田落干过程中砷甲基化变化的理论认知,为今后水稻直穗病科学防控提供指导.     

Ecological selection of bacterial taxa with larger genome sizes in response to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons stress

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) are ubiquitous priority pollutants that cause great damage to the natural environment and health. Average genome size in a community is critical for shedding light on microbiome’s functional response to pollution stress within an environment. Here, microcosms under different concentrations were performed to evaluate the selection of PAHs stress on the average genome size in a community. We found the distinct communities of significantly larger genome size w...