生物活性炭对不同C/N比废水同步硝化反硝化脱氮效果的影响

以连续运行的生物活性炭(biological actived carbon,BAC)填料反应器为研究对象,与序批式活性污泥反应器(sequencing batch reactor,SBR)对比,考察了BAC的加入对不同C/N比废水同步硝化反硝化(simultaneous nitrification and denitrification,SND)脱氮效果的影响.在室温(15~27℃),初始溶解氧(dissolved oxygen,DO)质量浓度2~3 mg·L-1条件下,以甲醇做外加碳源,分别设置进水C/N比为3、5、8和10运行120个周期,比较两反应器的脱氮效果及稳定性.结果表明,C/N比由3依次升至5和8时BAC填料反应器脱氮效果优于SBR,TN平均去除率分别达44.88%、58.07%和66.64%.继续增大进水C/N至10,SBR发生污泥膨胀,而BAC反应器仍能保持63.65%的TN去除率.实验证明BAC在单一反应器内创造了多样的溶解氧环境,为SND创造了适宜的条件.BAC的加入减小了过量有机碳对硝化系统带来的影响,扩大了反应器的C/N比适用范围,增加了运行的稳定性,提高了有机物的脱氮容量,为高效脱氮提供了可能.     

基于DO-stat流加培养控制的L-异亮氨酸发酵条件优化

L-异亮氨酸(L-lie)产生菌代谢流的前期研究报道认为,较低的溶氧浓度有利于L-异亮氨酸的积累.为进一步提高L-异亮氨酸的产量,采用DO-stat流加培养控制方法,分别研究了溶氧浓度20%、30%、35%和40%下乳糖发酵短杆菌发酵液中葡萄糖浓度的变化以及L-异亮氨酸的合成情况.结果表明,当发酵罐中溶氧浓度控制在20...     

不同曝气量对SBBR短程硝化微生物特性及氮转化的影响

在实验室规模的序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)中研究了不同曝气量(7.2、12.0、15.6L·h-1,对应反应器中平均溶解氧浓度分别为0.5、0.8、1.2mg·L-1)下生物膜的生物特性变化及短程硝化过程规律.结果表明:减小曝气量使反应器内溶解氧浓度降低,将导致生物膜的总生物量下降,生物膜中氨氧化菌逐渐成为优势菌,无论数量还是生物活性均高于亚硝酸氧化菌,利于亚硝酸盐积累;在一个反应周期中,生物膜对溶解氧需求的分配是不同的,曝气初期溶解氧主要用于异氧菌对COD的降解,其后用于氨氮转化.根据上述规律,提出在短程硝化过程中采用"梯级递减式曝气"供氧新策略,即在反应初期保持一种较大的曝气量,提高反应器溶解氧浓度,促进COD快速降解,随后保持一种小曝气量使反应器中溶解氧维持较低的浓度,从而促进亚硝酸盐积累及优化供氧效率.     

Comparative experimental analysis of the effect of convective heat losses on the performance of parabolic dish water heater

This paper reveals comparative experimental analysis of the effect of variation of natural and forced convection heat losses on the performance of prototype parabolic dish water heater with coated and non-coated receivers. With the above-described system, hot water needs in domestic applications can be fulfilled instantly. A parabolic dish collector was used for instant water heating. Design of solar parabolic dish collector consists of truncated cone-shaped helical coiled receiver made up of copper at focal point. Instantaneous efficiency of 63% and 48% has been achieved with coated and non-coated receivers. This prototype has been evaluated for its performance with water flow rate of 0.0076 kg/s during the months of April and May 2010 at Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India (latitude: 16.42° North, longitude: 74.13° West).     

On-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR)

The objectives of this study were to establish an on-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal synchronously of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The SBR for municipal wastewater treatment was operated in sequences: filling, anaerobic, oxic, anoxic, oxic, settling and discharge. The reactor was equipped with on-line monitoring sensors for dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH. The variation of DO, ORP and pH is relevant to each phase of biological process for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in this SBR. The characteristic points of DO, ORP and pH can be used to judge and control the stages of process that include: phosphate release by the turning points of ORP and pH; nitrification by the ammonia valley of pH and ammonia elbows of DO and ORP; denitrification by the nitrate knee of ORP and nitrate apex of pH; phosphate uptake by the turning point of pH; and residual organic carbon oxidation by the carbon elbows of DO and ORP. The controlling system can operate automatically for nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently removal. __________ Translated from Water & Wastewater Engineering, 2006, 26(5): 728–733 [译自: 给水排水]     

基于磷回收的低温微氧EBPR系统的表观与微观特性

在低溶解氧(DO=1mg/L)条件下启动2个厌氧/好氧交替运行的SBR(A/O-SBR),中温(22±1)℃SBR1和低温(14±1)℃SBR2,考察侧流磷回收工艺对低耗主流强化生物除磷(EBPR)系统污染物去除性能?微生物种群结构和磷回收潜能的影响.结果表明,SBR1和SBR2的脱氮及COD去除性能未受磷回收操作的影...     

溢流堰形态对水体营养盐及有机污染的影响

定期监测两种不同形态的溢流堰坝体上下点的溶解氧及水质变化,研究溢流堰形态对水体营养盐及有机污染的影响。结果表明:两种不同形态的溢流堰均可较好地提高水体的DO含量,且阶梯式溢流堰较斜面式溢流作用明显;高锰酸盐指数IMn、NH3-N、TP含量均减少,平均去除率阶梯式溢流堰均优于斜面式溢流堰。     

水循环周期对生态床内氮形态转化过程的影响

构建复合生态床修复北方景观水体,通过控制出水循环周期,研究不同循环速率下水体氮在系统内的转换及不同转换过程之间的关系,深入分析复合基质生态床修复景观水的过程及作用机理.结果表明,当循环周期为1 h和1.5 h时,溶解氧经首次循环由7提高至11左右,并始终保持较高水平;C/N由进水时4～6提高至出水时6～10,C/N的升高说明系统中N的相对去除率高于C,循环促进了氮及有机物的去除.出水循环提高了NH⁺₄-Ｎ、NO^-₂-Ｎ及TN的去除率, 且循环速率的提高使得硝化作用进行得更加迅速和彻底,补充了氮从系统中去除的好氧反硝化途径.当循环周期为1.5 h和1 h时,NH⁺₄-Ｎ与NO^-₂-Ｎ去除过程间的相关系数值分别为0.885 3和0.968 5;NO^-₂-Ｎ与TN去除过程间的相关系数随循环速率加快而增加,最高为0.942 4.当循环速率加快,NH⁺₄-Ｎ的氧化与NO^-₂-Ｎ的氧化2个过程间的传递更加迅速, 缩短了氮在系统中的转化途径,且循环速率越快,整个转化越迅速.     

DO C/N对同步硝化反硝化影响的试验研究

在序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)内,以模拟的城市污水为处理对象,研究DO、C/N等因素对同步硝化反硝化脱氮效率的影响。研究表明:采用连续曝气工艺,在进水COD=200mg/L,NH4+-N=30mg/L条件下,控制DO在0.5～1.5mg/L范围内时,出水TN浓度为1.98～6.3mg/L,TN的平均去除率在80%以上,最高去除率达到93.74%,并可推断出在反应系统内存在好氧反硝化菌;C/N在3.3～10之间时,C/N越高,出水NO3--N浓度越低,SND效果越好。     

溶解氧和pH值对CAST工艺脱氮效果的影响

CAST工艺对硝化和反硝化反应要求不同的环境因素。本研究通过实验探讨了CAST工艺在主反应区内进行同步硝化反硝化时溶解氧浓度和pH值对脱氮效果的影响 ,得出结论 :CAST主反应区内SND最佳溶解氧为 0 5mg L ;脱氮的最佳pH值为 7 4～ 7 8。