基于创新动手能力人才培养模式下的环境工程专业实习教学的改革与探讨

实习环节对环境工程专业学生创新动手能力的培养具有举足轻重的作用。论文分析了新形势下实习所面临的典型问题,提出了调整实习时机、完善实习基地建设、丰富实习方式、改革考核形式等实习改革措施,并指出最重要的和最迫切的是实习时机和实习方式的调整,建议今后应做好实习前准备工作,加强多媒体手段在实习教学中的研究和运用。     

安全工程本科专业建设研究的文献计量学分析

为了解安全科技人员利用文献的特点和安全工程学科文献的发展规律,根据文献计量学分析理论与方法,对1995—2009年安全工程本科专业建设研究文献的发文量、文献著者、核心作者群、核心期刊群、引文文献、被引用情况和基金项目资助等进行分析研究,结果表明:安全工程本科专业建设研究的发文量较少但整体呈上升态势;文献著者的合作度为2.5,合著率76.1%,文献的合作度和合著率较低,研究深度和广度需进一步加强,同时需加强多单位联合研究;高校研究者是该领域的主力军,其发文量占92.5%,但核心作者群尚未形成;《中国安全科学学报》是该领域研究的核心期刊,北京是该领域研究的核心区域;期刊文献是主要的引文类型(73.5%),引文语种主要是中文文献(97.3%),篇均引文文献4.9篇,普赖斯指数较高(73.3%);文献的被引用频次整体较低(2.2);2005年以来文献的基金项目资助率为30.2%,基金项目资助率和资助项目级别均呈上升趋势。     

可持续发展:制度供求与政府责任

社会范围内可持续发展目标的实现。必须有健全的正式制度与非正式制度供给并配合有强有力的实施机制。然而．由于国家的制度供给功能与地方政府行为异化可能引致经济活动偏离制度目标．非正式制度供给主体的行为异化、经济发展水平及制度成本的非均摊皆可导致制度供给不足并由此引起诸多不可持续现象。本文旨在通过对可持续发展制度供求的理论分析．从可持续发展制度供求的内在要求上。阐述制度供求的非均衡状态对可持续发展的影响。探讨我国在可持续发展战略实施中制度供给不足的原因。明确提出中央政府和地方政府相应的制度供给责任。以改变不可持续发展的现状。     

构建农民收入增长的长效机制

“三农问题”是关系国家经济和社会发展全局的问题，其核心是农民收入增长，农民收入增长的关键是构建收入增长的长效机制。本文通过分析中国农民收入的现状，从制度视角分析农民收入增长缓慢的土地制度、税费制度、金融体制、公共品供给体制以硬社会保障制度等方面原因．在此基础上提出构建中国农民收入增长长效机制的制度框架。     

供给侧结构性改革与环境保护的相互影响

在经济增长放缓,市场中高端需求扩大,但有效供给不足的形势下,国家推行供给侧结构性改革,以期调整产业结构,提高生产率.对于具有政策驱动性特点的环保产业,此轮改革既是机遇也是挑战.环保产业的供给侧结构性改革,对于科技、资本、人才、信息和创新等高级要素的投入提出了新的要求.同时,公众对环境保护的需求又会倒逼供给侧结构性改革的推行.文中介绍了供给侧结构性改革的内涵和必要性,阐述了环保约束对供给侧结构性改革的影响和供给侧结构性改革对环保领域的影响,旨在为环保产业在新常态下的大力发展提供借鉴.     

STATE LEGISLATIVE CONSTRAINTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESOURCES POLICY1

ABSTRACT: Legislative constraints on the development of water resources policy fit into three broad categories-political, institutional, and informational. The political category encompasses constituency needs and preferences, satisfaction with existing water management practices and policies, and the necessity for legislators to blend political ambition with public problem solving. Constraints fitting into the institutional category include differences in legislative behavior and attitudes that stem from one's location in the legislature (e.g., senate-house, leader-follower, or committee activity), the dynamics of scheduling and organization, and the capability to manage complex issues. Informational constraints refer to the availability of information and the use to which it is put by lawmakers in formulating decisions on waterrelated issues. These constraints are approached from a behavioral perspective by examining several constituency, institutional, and information hypotheses that “explain” legislative involvement with water resources issues. The data are drawn from a recent study of water resources decision making in West Virginia. Eighty-three of the 134 members of the 1975–76 West Virginia Legislature participated in the study.     

巴陵石化尿素水解装置的环保改造

分析了尿素水解装置存在的问题及采取的改进措施,提高了水解装置处理能力与处理效果,实现了清洁生产、节能降耗、保护环境的目的。     

Adapting to new realities: an analysis of institutional work in three cases of Dutch infrastructure planning

The social and institutional context of infrastructure planning has shifted tremendously over recent decades. From top–down implementation, infrastructure planners are now forced to incorporate the demands and wishes of citizens and other external stakeholders. This paper adopts the analytical perspective of institutional work to analyse how a number of Dutch infrastructure planning organisations try to remain in control over these changes in their institutional context. Building on social systems thinking, this paper distinguishes three environments in which this control can play out: the internal environment over which an organisation has complete control, an external environment over which an organisation has little control and a transactional environment where the organisation, through its interactions with other actors, can influence institutional development. The paper concludes that while most forms of institutional work applied by the infrastructure planning organisations under study aim to change the organisations’ interactions with stakeholders, the forms of institutional work are predominantly located within the internal environment of planning organisations.     

Ecological Tax Reform: Many Know Why But Few Know How

Ecological tax reform involves the utilisation of the tax system to facilitate sustainable development. The generally accepted approach to ecological tax reform is to reduce tax rates on income and labour and to impose Pigouvian taxes on resource use and pollution emissions. While this approach is a vast improvement on current tax systems, it is an inadequate means of achieving sustainable development because it relies exclusively on the manipulation of market prices – an allocation instrument – when ecological sustainability is a throughput problem that requires a separate policy instrument to be adequately resolved. With the aid of a linear throughput representation of the economic process, it is argued that conventional ecological tax reform measures promote just two of the five behavioural modes put forward to achieve sustainable development. In order to promote all five behavioural modes, it is argued that ecological tax reform is best conducted with the incorporation of tradeable resource use permits and assurance bonds.     

Diagnosis and recommendations for transjurisdictional water pollution management in China

Large-scale water environmental deterioration is one of the most prominent environmental issues in current China. Transjurisdictional water pollution is an important reason for water environmental deterioration of river basins, and currently there are some major defects that exist in China's management system related to transjurisdictional water pollution. With seven major river basins in China as an object of study, this paper is designed to perform a diagnosis of major problems about the transjurisdictional water pollution management in China from three aspects, i.e. institution, mechanism, and legislation. On the basis of this, it gives an overall train of thoughts on the reform of transjurisdictional water pollution management in China, and proposes specific recommendations from the aforesaid three aspects.