高职高专英语课程考试的改革与实践

目前,高职高专英语课程考试仍存在试题设计不太科学、考试内容与教学要求不一致等问题,本文结合高职高专办学目标以及教育考试的实际,提出了在高职高专教育英语考试改革过程中,应着重从改革考试评价、改革考试形式及评估方法等方面入手,使考试与教学形成良性互动,构建了新的教育考试模式。     

新建本科院校安全工程专业数学课程教学改革探讨

以提高安全工程专业人才的综合素质为目标,充分体现学院"突出安全特色"的办学思想,提出对重要公共基础课之一的数学课程进行教学改革的模式。在课程设置上,不断探索安全工程专业数学课程的恰当设置,体现专业性,其内容突出一个"用"字;在教学方法上,充分考虑安全工程专业学生的特点,采用现代化的教学手段和先进的教学方法,从而调动学生学习积极性,发挥其教学主体作用。在考试内容和考核方式方面,需不断创新,考查方式灵活多样,注重对学生解决实际问题能力的考核;加强师资队伍建设,为教学改革提供必要保证。笔者提出的学院安全工程专业数学课程教学改革的新思路和具体做法,可为其他高校尤其是新建本科院校提供有益的参考。     

循环流化床锅炉烟气脱硫除尘技术改造

对承德市热电厂CG35／3．82－MX型循环流化术锅炉的脱硫除尘系统进行了改造,解决了原水膜除尘器效率低,烟法排放严重超标的问题,取得了良好的环境效益,社会效益和经济效益。     

Trust,political orientation,and environmental behavior

A growing body of large-N cross-national studies has identified key predictors of environmental behavior. Adopting a social dilemma perspective, where individuals must choose collective over self-interest to act pro-environmentally, integrated national datasets for 30 countries are used to examine the effects of generalized trust, trust in government, leftism, and post-materialism on three types of environmental behavior (intended action, informal action, and formal action). At the individual level, all predictors but institutional trust have significant positive effects on each type of behavior. Institutional trust is associated with greater willingness to make economic sacrifice for the environment and with less frequent informal environmental behavior, but it is unrelated to formal behavior. However, at the country level, the effect of trust is limited to intended behavior and depends on the type of trust. Individuals in countries with higher generalized trust averages are less willing to sacrifice for the environment, and those in countries with higher averages of institutional trust are more willing to do so.     

宜兴市环保产业供给侧改革的启示与建议

当前我国环保产业普遍存在着企业规模较小、缺乏核心技术、中低端供给过剩、优质供给不足等现象,环保产业的供给侧水平明显无法满足日益提高的环境治理需求。以全国最大的环保产业基地宜兴市为例,分析上述问题特质及产生原因,总结政府及企业改革创新中的经验和不足,提出环保产业供给侧改革的参考对策与建议。     

The Dynamics of Justification in Policy Reform: Insights from Water Policy Debates in Ireland

Policy reform can be complex and fraught with contending arguments. Although much research has been conducted into the politics of coalition formation, less attention has been devoted to legitimating logics in policy reform. Drawing on the work of Boltanski and Thévenot, this exploratory study addresses this deficit by examining the influence of justifications deployed in policy debates. The paper analyses the role of shifting reasoning in contentious debates concerning attempts to reform water policy, including the introduction of domestic water charges in Ireland. Employing data from parliamentary deliberations, the paper traces the changing forms of justification used by those favouring and opposing the reforms. This examination suggests the importance of aligning an argument’s content with the shifting context into which it is introduced. The paper highlights the benefits of an investigative approach concerning policy justification for understanding policy reform dynamics at the intersection of politics and environmental communication.     

基于污染物排放许可的总量控制制度改革研究

污染物总量控制制度改革是基于排污许可制的环境管理制度体系改革的重点内容之一。文章分析了总量控制制度与排污许可证制度的关联关系,现有的排污行可证制度对总量控制制度融合的要求,从许可排放量确定、分配、实际排放量核算与核定等角度,深刻剖析了总量控制制度与排污许可证制度融合存在的技术和机制两大障碍。最后就污染物总量确定、许可排放量分配、实际排放量核算与责任机制等三方面为构建基于排污许可证的总量控制制度提出了改革思路和建议。     

生态文明制度体系研究——以江苏省为例

生态文明制度体系是由制度构成的一个相互配合、有机联系的整体。本文基于文献统计分析与实地调研咨询,从广义和狭义层面,分别对生态文明制度进行梳理。根据国家生态文明建设需求与省级层面实际情况,本文将广义的生态文明制度体系分为源头保护制度体系、损害赔偿与激励体系、追责考评制度体系和污染治理制度体系四大板块,并针对国家与省级重点生态文明制度,构建生态资源保护制度链与污染防治制度链。同时,对制度地位、制度衔接、相互关系及其优化选择进行分析,以提高环境管理效能,推进生态文明研究纵深发展。     

Local air pollution and global climate change taxes: a distributional analysis for the case of Spain

Global climate change measures are difficult to implement. In this context, local air pollution measures may play an important role in the political agenda since their effects are felt more immediately by citizens. Distributional implications are one of the main barriers for implementing environmental policies. This paper explores the distributional implications of air pollution taxes and compares them to climate change taxes. For the comparison, both tax schemes were set to yield the same revenue. Methodologically, the study uses a top–down approach linking a macro model to a micro model. We find that taxes on local air pollutants are more regressive than those levied on CO₂. This is because the goods implicitly taxed have a greater weight in the consumer basket of low-income groups, even if the tax revenues are recycled. Furthermore, the revenue-neutral recycle scheme increases both taxes efficiency, but, at the same time, can increase regressivity.     

论构建中国用能权交易体系的制度衔接之维

用能权是具有公私法双重属性的管制性财产权。用能权交易是我国推进绿色发展的一项制度创新,对实现能耗总量和强度"双控"目标具有重要意义。用能权交易制度旨在从供给侧实现节能降耗目标,与其并行的节能减排市场化机制还包括节能量交易和碳排放权交易。节能量交易与用能权交易的规制对象、规制手段、制度设计目的和约束功能相近,故两者存在制度重复建设问题。用能权交易和碳排放权交易的制度设计目的具有协同性、规制对象有交叉,但两者在用能权指标和碳排放配额初始分配、履约等方面存在制度衔接不畅问题。通过法学和制度经济学分析,对用能权交易、节能量交易和碳排放权交易的制度整合与重构提出了建议。中国应当取消目标节能量交易制度,并以核定用能权交易取代项目节能量交易。用能权交易和碳排放权交易的制度衔接层面,应当打通用能权交易体系和碳排放权交易体系,建立联合履约机制,即允许用能单位或排放单位在满足一定条件的情况下使用用能权指标、核定用能权、碳排放配额或核证减排量履约。用能权指标与碳排放配额在履约方面的衔接机制重点在于一级市场的对接。用能权的初始分配仅仅是为重点用能单位设定节能义务的过程,应当以公平为原则,并且采取免费分配的方式。相对于用能权交易制度,碳排放权交易制度则是为了控制排放单位对碳排放空间这一资源的过度利用。因此,在碳排放配额初始分配环节,政府应当通过有偿分配的方式以实现国家对碳排放空间这一稀缺资源的所有者权益。建立核定用能权和核证减排量的联合履约机制,既允许用能单位购买核证减排量抵消其超额耗能,也允许排放单位购买核定用能权以抵消其超额排放,并对抵消比例设定限制。