WJ-R01干膜耐磨自润滑涂料在某枪械上的应用

概述了干膜润滑涂层的原理。研制的WJ-R01干膜耐磨自润滑涂层具有耐磨减摩自润滑性能突出,耐腐蚀性能优异,能适应海洋大气环境等特点。介绍了其组成、理化性能,以及应用施工等情况。在兵器某枪械上应用效果良好。     

Direct protein-protein interaction network for insecticide resistance based on subcellular localization analysis in Drosophila melanogaster

Abstract

In present study, we constructed the direct protein-protein interaction network of insecticide resistance based on subcellular localization analysis. Totally 177 of 528 resistance proteins were identified and they were located in 11 subcellular localizations. We further analyzed topological properties of the network and the biological characteristics of resistance proteins, such as k-core, neighborhood connectivity, instability index and aliphatic index. They can be used to predict the key proteins and potential mechanisms from macro-perspective. The problem of resistance has not been solved fundamentally, because the development of new insecticides can’t keep pace with the development speed of resistance, and the lack of understanding of molecular mechanism of resistance. As the further analysis to reduce data noise, we constructed the direct protein-protein interaction network of insecticide resistance based on subcellular localization analysis. The interaction between proteins located at the same subcellular location belongs to direct interactions, thus eliminating indirect interaction. Totally 177 of 528 resistance proteins were identified and they were located in 11 subcellular localizations. We further analyzed topological properties of the network and the biological characteristics of resistance proteins, such as k-core, neighborhood connectivity, instability index and aliphatic index. They can be used to predict the hub proteins and potential mechanisms from macro-perspective. This is the first study to explore the insecticide resistance molecular mechanism of Drosophila melanogaster based on subcellular localization analysis. It can provide the bioinformatics foundation for further understanding the mechanisms of insecticide resistance. It also provides a reference for the study of molecular mechanism of insecticide resistance of other insects.     

Influences and mechanisms of nanofullerene on the horizontal transfer of plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance genes between E. coli strains

• Sub-inhibitory levels of nC₆₀ promote conjugative transfer of ARGs. • nC₆₀ can induce ROS generation, oxidative stress and SOS response. • nC₆₀ can increase cell membrane permeability and alter gene expression. • Results provide evidence of nC₆₀ promoting antibiotic resistance dissemination. The spread and development of antibiotic resistance globally have led to severe public health problems. It has been shown that some non-antibiotic substances can also promote the diffusion and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Nanofullerene (nC₆₀) is a type of nanomaterial widely used around the world, and some studies have discovered both the biological toxicity and environmental toxicity of nC₆₀. In this study, cellular and molecular biology techniques were employed to investigate the influences of nC₆₀ at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) on the conjugation of ARGs between the E. coli strains. Compared with the control group, nC₆₀ significantly increased the conjugation rates of ARGs by 1.32‒10.82 folds within the concentration range of 7.03‒1800 mg/L. This study further explored the mechanism of this phenomenon, finding that sub-MICs of nC₆₀ could induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), trigger SOS-response and oxidative stress, affect the expression of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) genes, increase membrane permeability, and thus promote the occurrence of conjugation. This research enriches our understanding of the environmental toxicity of nC₆₀, raises our risk awareness toward nC₆₀, and may promote the more rational employment of nC₆₀ materials.     

Possible Use of Ash Residues for the Construction of Artificial Reefs at Sea

Utilization of ash residues, including coal ash, oil ash, and municipal solid waste combustion ash, for the construction of artificial reefs at sea has been investigated by many researchers throughout the world for nearly 20 years. Both laboratory and field studies have shown that an artificial reef made of stabillized ash-concrete (SAC) has had no adverse effect on the marine environment. Indeed, published studies have shown that fish counts increase around SAC reefs owing to an abundance of colonizing organisms and to protection provided by cavities within the reef structures. However, public and regulatory resistance to the use of SAC for artificial reef construction at sea is still very strong in certain countries due to concern for possible negative environmental impacts, primarily in the area of bioaccumulation of elements or compounds originating from the ash component of SAC.

In this paper, technological feasibility of using ash residues for artificial reef construction is presented, based on the available 20 years of scientific data, including engineering workability, physical integrity, chemical leaching potential and biological effects. More important, we also identify conceptual barriers for the acceptance of using SAC for the construction of ocean reefs and suggest approaches to overcome these barriers.     

农药的环境问题及发展动向

本文综述了农药对环境的污染,以及昆虫对农药产生的抗性。报道了农药最近的研究动向。     

典型高原湖泊流域生态安全格局构建——以杞麓湖流域为例

以“源”和生态环境保护为目标，引用最小累积阻力模型（MCR）对杞麓湖流域生态安全格局进行定量研究.结果表明：杞麓湖流域平均生态安全指数为2.59，生态安全以较低安全为主，占流域总面积的36.33%，中度安全和不安全次之，分别占流域总面积的23.36%和22.53%，高度安全面积最少，仅占17.77%.较低安全区主要分布在西北部、东南部和西南部，应加强对这些地区的生态环境保护建设.此外，以天然林地、重要水库和湖泊缓冲区100m以内区域作为生态源，选取坡度、海拔、植被覆盖度、土地覆盖类型、距水体距离、距建设用地距离、距居民点距离、距道路距离等8个阻力因子，结合MCR模型与GIS的cost-distance分析模块，生成最小累积耗费距离表面，划分5个阻力等级；依据累积阻力值频率变化特点及生态服务功能，确定了生态缓冲区、生态过渡区、生态边缘区、农业耕作区和人类活动区共5个生态功能区.杞麓湖流域生态源总面积为126.87km²，占流域总面积的35.74%，生态源在面积、数量和空间分布上都存在较大的差异，呈四周连片集中，中部分散破碎的分布格局，生态廊道呈四周连续紧凑，中部分散破碎的空间格局.生态节点的空间阻力值存在较大差异，部分生态节点累积阻力比较大，位于流域景观累计阻力值最大区，对生态流的流通安全性具有较大影响.基于最小累积阻力面，结合GIS的Hydrology模块，构建了由生态源与19个生态节点、23条生态廊道共同组成的具有结构性的流域景观生态安全格局，并提出了相应的建议，对高原湖泊流域研究及生态环境保护具有一定的参考价值.     

承钢转炉烟气净化系统改进及研究

烟气净化系统是氧气顶吹转炉炼钢中不可忽视的一部分。对于环境保护、炼钢生产有重要意义。随着炼钢技术的发展 ,生产节奏的加快 ,解决转炉烟气净化中存在的问题是环境保护和炼钢生产的需要     

激光相变硬化提高模具寿命的探讨

介绍了激光相变硬化的原理 ,并分析其提高模具寿命的针对性 ,进而讨论了激光相变硬化提高模具寿命的机理     

预应力锚索抗滑桩力学计算模型的探讨

通过分析现有预应力锚索抗滑桩力学计算模型的特点,找出存在的问题,提出了改进的滑坡推力和桩前土体抗力的分布图形,分析了预应力锚索在锚索桩中的工作机理和预加固作用及其在力学建模中的考虑方法,提出了锚索桩改进的建模方法并通过工程实例对改进方法和原有方法进行比较,论证了改进方法的合理性。     

模拟重金属污染下曼陀罗种群核酸代谢变化研究

将不同空间地段上获得同一种质但污染年代各不相同的曼陀罗材料种子易地种植在同一模拟重金属污染生境中生长，对比分析了曼陀罗种群的核酸代谢（DNA、RNA、DNase、RNase)动态变化。结果表明：在本实验条件下，种群的核酸代谢发生了定向性改变；在短期污染条件下，DNA、RNA、DNase、RNase活性代谢发生了一定程度的紊乱，随着污染时间的推移，上述生理变化逐渐向对照CK种群的“正常值”回复，表现出种群对重金属污染迹地的抗性适应和分化，且分化发生的速度远高于植物自然分化进程。根据上述四项生理指标对这四个曼陀曼种群利用模糊数学评判分析方法进行排序，适应性从优到劣的排序顺序为CK＞L＞M＞S。