冲突分析在环境领域中的应用

冲突分析是用来分析冲突局势、预测冲突发展、研究、设计冲突处理方案的一门科学。本文根据国内外研究资料，分析了冲突分析在环境领域中的应用，其中对公共设施选址、污染集中治理投资的分摊、允许排污量在各排污口问的公平分配、水资源集中管理、协调度模型处理环境与经济的冲突、跨行政区河流边界水质标准的确定、资源的开发与保护等进行了重点评述，并指出了冲突分析理论中存在的问题、解决的办法和发展方向。     

日本人工湿地和河湖岸带修复技术概况

对日本人工湿地和河、湖岸带修复技术进行了描述,分析其优缺点,对其在中国的应用前景进行了剖析。     

生态建设的多因素综合分析

生态建设规律、过程和发展受多种因素影响 ,而不是一、二个因素。从一、二个因素去分析生态建设和规律 ,在某些侧面和角度 ,比较透彻深刻 ;但在其它角度和侧面 ,显得乏力 ;单个角度、少数因素的分析因片面性、局限性强 ,未能系统地提示不同因素对生态建设作用的作用机制 ,因而无法有效地指导生态建设。多因素综合分析能将单因素分析的优点综合起来 ,并能弥补单因素分析的诸多缺陷 ,从而能够较为准确地解释说明生态建设发展的原因、动力、机制和实现的途径     

基于特征和知识的精密注塑模设计和制造系统

采用先进的CAD/CAM技术对传统模具设计制造方法进行改造,是提高模具设计制造质量和效率的关键.此文提出基于特征和知识的才法构造精密注塑模设计和制造系统,并介绍了系统的总体方案和系统包含的各模块功能.这一系统是浙江省科委八五攻关项目“精密注塑模设计和制造(CAD/CAM)技术”的核心.     

间歇式潜流人工湿地中COD、NH_4-N动态变化特征

采用酸化、两段间歇流人工湿地处理生活污水。废水经酸化预处理后 ,COD平均去除率 30 % ,NH4 N平均去除率 13 6 3%。第 1段人工湿地为潜流 ,周期 12h ,进水 6h ,排水 6h ,水力停留时间 (HRT) 3d ,COD去除率 6 0 %～ 80 % ,最高达 88 5 6 % ;NH4 N去除率 5 0 %～ 70 %。第 2段人工湿地为下行流 ,周期 2 4h,进水 12h ,排水 12h ,HRT 1d ,COD平均去除率 5 3 2 % ;NH4 N平均去除率大于 99%。对第 1段湿地中COD、NH4 N空间变化的研究表明 ,间歇运行所产生的大气复氧对COD、NH4 N的去除具有明显的强化作用。COD的去除基本不受温度影响 ,而NH4 N的去除受温度影响较大     

小城镇污水处理研究

随着小城镇经济的发展，对周边地区的环境污染也在加剧。一些小城镇的水处理设施落后，缺乏污水处理的资金，造成一些小城镇面临越来越严重的水污染问题。在此前提下，采用人工湿地系统对小城镇污水进行处理，可以发挥资源的生产潜力．防止环境的再污染，可获得污水处理与资源化的最佳效益，具有较高的环境效益、经济效益及社会效益。     

Assessing vulnerabilities to the effects of global change: an eight step approach

In the recent years, global environmental change research has seen increased attention to the concept of vulnerability. There have been a growing number of vulnerability assessments, but relatively little discussion on appropriate and common methods. Here we propose a method to guide vulnerability assessments of coupled human–environment systems toward a common objective: informing the decision-making of specific stakeholders about options for adapting to the effects of global change. We suggest five criteria vulnerability assessments must at least possess to achieve this objective. They should have a knowledge base from various disciplines and stakeholder participation, be place based, consider multiple interacting stresses, examine differential adaptive capacity, and be prospective as well as historical. On the basis of these criteria, we present a general methodological guideline of eight steps. To examine whether these eight steps, if attentively coordinated, do in fact achieve the criteria, and in turn satisfy the objective of the assessment, we discuss two case studies. We expect most readers to identify some of the steps as part of their well-established disciplinary practices. However, they should also identify one or more steps as uncommon to their research traditions. Thus taken together the eight steps constitute a novel methodological framework. We hypothesize that if researchers employ this framework, then the products of the research will (1) achieve the objective of preparing stakeholders for the effects of global change on a site-specific basis, and (2) further the “public good” of additional insights through cross-study comparisons of research projects designed according to common principles.     

人工湿地在处理小城镇生活污水中的应用

目前,小城镇污水处理是中国急需解决的环境问题.通过介绍人工湿地的概念、类型、机理,并结合永川市某污水处理厂的运行效果得出人工湿地处理技术在处理小城镇生活污水中具有投资低、操作简单和运行费用低等优点,具有广阔的应用前景.该组合工艺对CODcr、BOD5、SS、NH3-N、TP处理效果进行了研究,对CODcr、BOD5、SS的去除率均在90%左右,对NH3-N、TP的去除率分别可达到83%和72%,表明人工湿地对N、P的去除效果较其他处理工艺更为显著.该人工湿地出水均达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)第二类污染物最高允许排放浓度一级A类标准.     

Treatment and utilization of septic tank effluent using vertical-flow constructed wetlands and vegetable hydroponics

Vertical flow constructed wetlands is a typical ecological sanitation system for sewage treatment.The removal rates COD,BOD5,SS,TN and TP were 60%,80%,74%,49%and 79%,respectively,when septic tank effluent was treated by vertical flow filter.So the concentration of COD and BOD5 in the treated effluent could meet the quality standard for irrigation water.After that the treated effluent was used for hydroponic cultivation of water spinach and romaine lettuce,the removal efficiencies of the whole system for COD, BOD5,SS, TN and Tpwere 71.4%,97.5%,96.9%,86.3%,and 87.4%,respectively.And it could meet the integrated wastewater discharge standard for secondary biological treatment plant.It was found that using treated effluent for hydroponic cultivation of vegetables could reduce the nitrate content in vegetables.The removal rates for total bacteria and coliform index by using vertical flow bed system with cinder substrate were 80%-90% and 85%-96%,respectively.     

流化床锅炉溢流渣余热回收和冷渣的综合利用

介绍了流化床锅炉溢流渣余热利用和冷渣变废为宝的途径。