Relationships between loading rates and nitrogen removal effectiveness in subsurface flow constructed wetlands

Nitrogen removal of wetlands under 40 different inflow loadings were studied in the field during 15 months. The removal efficiency of four different sets of beds, namely the reed bed, the Zizania caduciflor bed, the mixing planting bed, and the control bed were studied. The outflow loading and total nitrogen (TN) removal rate of these beds under different inflow loadings and pollution loadings were investigated. The inflow loadings of 4 subsurface flow systems (SFS) ranged from 400 to 8000 mg·(m²·d)⁻¹, while outflow loadings were less than 7000 mg·(m²·d)⁻¹. The results showed that the inflow and outflow loading of TN removal rate in SFS presented an obvious linear relationship. The optical inflow loading to run the system was between 2000 to 4000 mg·(m²·d)⁻¹. Average removal rate was between 1062 and 2007 mg·(m²·d)⁻¹. SFS with plant had a better removal rate than the control. TN removal rates of the reed and Zizania caduciflora bed were 63% and 27% higher than the control bed, respectively. The results regarding the TN absorption of plants indicated that the absorption amount was very limited, less than 5% of the total removal. It proved that plants clearly increase TN removal rates by improving the water flow, and increasing the biomass, as well as activities of microorganisms around the roots. The research provided a perspective for understanding the TN removal mechanism and design for SFS. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(2): 253–256 [译自: 环境科学]     

南泉河污染现状及建设人工湿地治理污染的探讨

通过对南泉河污染现状的监测和调查分析,同时基于国家南水北调东线工程治污规划的要求,提出了建设人工湿地治理南泉河污染的方案。对治理方案的可行性、治理方案内容、产生的效益进行了分析。     

A stakeholder dialogue on European vulnerability

A stakeholder dialogue was embedded in the ATEAM project to facilitate the development and dissemination of its European-wide vulnerability assessment of global change impacts. Participating stakeholders were primarily ecosystem managers and policy advisers interested in potential impacts on ‘Agriculture’, ‘Forestry’, ‘Water’, ‘Carbon storage’, ‘Biodiversity’ and ‘Mountain environments’ sectors. First, stakeholder dialogue approaches to integrated assessment are introduced. Methodological considerations on stakeholder selection and dialogue implementation and evaluation follow. The dialogue content and process are evaluated from the perspectives of stakeholders and scientists. Its usefulness in the research process and the relevance of outcomes for stakeholders are particularly considered. The challenging compromises required to perform innovative research, which seeks to achieve both peer scientific credibility and societal relevance, are emphasized. Effective stakeholder dialogues play a substantial role in raising the visibility and meaningfulness of vulnerability assessments as critical means to improve awareness on global change and its potential worrying impacts on society. They further provide scientists with critical information on ecosystem management and sectoral adaptive capacity. These processes of mutual learning and knowledge exchange moreover foster a better understanding of the potential and limits of global change modelling and vulnerability assessment for policy and ecosystem management.

一体式厌氧-好氧流化床反应器同步脱氮除硫实验

采用一体式厌氧-好氧流化床反应器处理含氮和含硫化物的废水,分别考察了硫氮比(硝氮和亚硝氮)、碳氮比(氨氮)等因素对同步脱氮除硫效果的影响,并对厌氧区固体产物进行了分析.实验结果表明:混养条件下获得了较好的脱氮、脱硫、去除COD的效果;s2-浓度增加对厌氧COD去除、反硝化过程无显著影响;当S2-浓度小于4.6mmol·L-1时,对厌氧氨氮去除有一定的促进作用.S/N(NO-3-N和NO-2-N)在0.2～1.7范围内.可以获得20%～75%单质硫转化率.C/NH4 4-N的降低对厌氧脱氮效果无明显影响,但可促进硫化物的去除.X射线衍射分析表明,厌氧区固体产物为单质硫.好氧进水中硫化物浓度增加对好氧区COD去除影响不明显,但S2-浓度大于15mg·L-1时会对硝化过程产生明显抑制.     

Performance of wastewater sludge ecological stabilization

In this article, wastewater sludge ecological stabilization （WWSES） was presented for sludge dewatering, mineralization, and stabilization, as well as for percolate treatment. Two years of pilot scale experimental results indicated that sludge volatile solid, Wiphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC）-dehydrogenase activity （DHA）, and moisture content as indicators showed the process and degree of sludge stabilization. The observation on dewatering process showed that dried sludge reached a content of 20%-50% total solid after two years of system operation. Sludge TTC-DHA in the first year was obviously lower than that of the second year, and TTC-DHA tended to decrease with an increase in the drying time of the sludge. Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and organic contents of sludge decreased gradually from the top to the bottom of dried sludge layer. In comparison with natural stands on stands treated with sewage sludge, individual shoot was significantly higher, and coarse protein, coarse fat, and coarse fiber contents in reed roots, stems, and leaves in the system were higher than that of wild reed, especially coarse protein contents of reed roots in the system （7.38%） were obviously higher than that of wild reeds （3.29%）.     

Effects of Cd2+ and Pb2+ on the substrate biofilms in the integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland

The effects of single Cd~(2+)and Pb~(2+),and combined Cd~(2+)and Pb~(2+)on dehydrogenase activity and polysaccharide content of the substrate biofilms in the integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland(IVCW)were studied.Dehydrogenase activities decreased linearly with the increasing concentrations of Cd~(2+)and Pb~(2+)at different times(6,24,72,and 120 h).The activities at both 6 and 24 h were significantly higher than that at 72 and 120 h in the case of single and combined treatments.The single Cd~(2+)...     

人工湿地植物处理含重金属生活废水的实验研究

通过耐受浓度试验得出凤眼莲、水蕹、水花生和荇菜四种植物对含重金属生活污水中Cd2+的耐受范围值分别<5mg/L、0.5mg/L、0.2mg/L、0.2mg/L;凤眼莲和水花生对Zn2+的耐受范围值分别<10mg/L,水蕹和荇菜对Zn2+耐受范围值为<5mg/L和0.5mg/L。由植物对生活污水中锌\镉离子去除率试验可知,在Cd2+/Zn2+浓度分别为0.5mg/L和5mg/L时,与对照组相比,两种植物均能明显去除污水中的Zn2+与Cd2+,其中Cd2+去除率提高了65.3%,Zn2+去除率提高了43.7%。研究发现植物处理在前5d内为去除Zn2+/Cd2+的高效区间,这一时期内植物对Zn2+/Cd2+去除率的贡献可以达到40%～60%,表明在植物的耐受浓度范围内,湿地植物对生活污水中的Cd2+/Zn2+有较好的去除效果,根部为主要的富集器官。     

哒嗪硫磷废水综合预处理研究

为处理河北省某农药厂生产过程中产生的高浓度哒嗪硫磷废水,研究采用过滤除油-加酸中和-过滤-混凝技术对该废水进行综合预处理。采用该工艺进行预处理后COD<3000mg/L,预处理后水质基本稳定,可生化性能提高,符合后续生化处理的水质要求,在去除COD和S2-的同时回收硫磺和硫化钠,体现循环经济,清洁生产工艺思想。     

湿地土壤在湿地环境功能中的角色与作用

文章阐述了湿地土壤在湿地大气调节以及污染物净化方面的角色并介绍了目前湿地土壤的研究现状,分析了进一步强化湿地土壤环境功能的可能性,希望对今后湿地土壤环境功能的研究有所助益。     

影像融合技术在滩涂湿地植被分类中的应用

选择上海崇明东滩鸟类自然保护区的盐沼植被为对象,利用该地区2004年TM多光谱影像与同期SPOT5全色影像进行多种规则的融合,通过计算信息熵、均值、标准差、平均梯度、偏差指数、相关系数和均方根差7项指标,评价选取光谱信息较丰富、空间信息更清晰的融合影像.在此基础上,利用该融合影像进行植被分类,得到滩涂地区典型植被、光滩和水体等专题分类影像及其信息,并利用实地观测的134个样区进行比较验证.研究结果表明:相对于融合前的TM影像,利用Wavelet +IHS方法融合后的图像数据能很好地保留TM影像的多光谱信息,同时增加了其空间分辨率.融合技术可以充分利用各类遥感影像的空间和光谱信息,有效提高海岸带资源调查与监测的精度.