制革废水综合处理技术研究

通过对一个制革厂废水的分析和对不同工段废水处理工艺实验研究,根据分散与集中相结合,物化与生化相结合的原则,提出了一种优化的以高效生化处理为主的综合处理工艺。     

钢铁工业发展循环经济的基本途径探讨

分析了钢铁工业循环经济的基本特征,着重探讨了钢铁工业发展循环经济的基本途径,其中包括：最大限度地降低自然资源消耗,采用成熟技术提高二次能源利用效率,降低能耗,节约水资源,把固体废物资源化利用,尽可能减少污染物的发生量,努力发展工程科技,开发钢铁工业和其它行业的绿色新流程。     

无污泥化生物技术在真丝染色综合废水处理中的研究及应用

本文主要对真丝染色综合废水Ａ／Ｏ处理中所产生的污泥进行无污泥化生物处理的研究,并把技术运用在日处理９００ｔ／ｄ的综合废水生化处理装置上,设施经四年连续运行表明：出水ｐＨ＝７． ３６,ＳＳ＝４８ｍｇ／１,ＣＯＤｃｒ＝９５ｍｇ／１,ＢＯＤ５＝３８ｍｇ／１,ＮＨ３－Ｎ＝１８ ．８ｍｇ／１,出水水质指标全部达到国家规定的排放标准,该技术不仅解决了污泥的难治理问题,而且利用生物技术彻底解决了污泥的二次污染问题,还节约了可观的运行费用和投资费用,并提高了Ａ／Ｏ的处理效果。     

SOLUBLE SUGAR COMPOSITION OF POND‐CYPRESS: A POTENTIAL HYDROECOLOGICAL INDICATOR OF GROUND WATER PERTURBATIONS1

ABSTRACT: Pond‐cypress, a deciduous conifer, is a dominant canopy species in depressional wetlands of the southeastern Coastal Plain (SCP). Extensive premature decline and death of pond‐cypress trees in central Florida have been attributed to hydroperiod alterations due to excessive withdrawals of ground water from the Floridan aquifer. One factor identified in the decline process is basal decay, which may be related to the presence of Botryosphaeria rhodina and Fusarium species (nonaggressive, facultative fungal pathogens). These fungi have been cultured from sapwood tissue of declining pond‐cypress associated with ground water mining, but not from pond‐cypress away from ground water mimng areas. In this experiment, differences in soluble (nonstructural) carbohydrate composition of branch tips were evaluated for one‐and two‐year old, nursery‐grown (unsheltered) pond‐cypress, following a year of growth under treatment conditions (control, fungal inoculation, water stress, and fungal inoculation plus water stress) in a growth chamber. Results from two methods of wet chemical analysis were compared (trimethylsilyl methylglycoside‐Method A, and alditol acetate ‐ Method B). Three pentoses (arabinose, rhamnose, and xylose) and three hexoses (galactose, glucose, and mannose) were identified in branch tips from both age classes. A fourth hexose (fucose) also was identified in samples from the younger trees. The acidic sugar, galacturonic acid, was identified in both age classes using Method A. Results suggest that prolonged water stress is correlated with greater relative concentrations of the neutral soluble sugars rhamnose (P = 0.02), xylose (P = 0.02), and galactose (P = 0.02), in addition to the acidic sugar galacturonic acid (P = 0.01), for Method A, and arabinose (P = 0.02) for Method B. These results also suggest that in the absence of water stress, the fungal pathogen B. rhodina does not penetrate to the sapwood of the trees, and that inoculation with this fungal pathogen is not correlated with differences in relative concentrations of nonstructural, soluble carbohydrates, based on Method A analysis. Empirical evidence suggests that pond‐cypress trees in depressional wetlands respond similarly to anthropogenic perturbations of ground water, but not to natural periods of drought in the absence of such perturbations. Therefore, pond‐cypress appear to be integrators of groundwater perturbations. Greater concentrations of the soluble sugars identified in this study in pond‐cypress branch tips may be hydroecological indicators of such anthropogenic perturbations as unsustainable yield from the regional aquifer and adverse impacts from aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) activities in the SCP.     

RECIRCULATING WELLS: GROUND WATER REMEDIATION AND PROTECTION OF SURFACE WATER RESOURCES1

ABSTRACT: Several chlorinated solvent plumes threaten the sole‐source aquifer underlying the Massachusetts Military Reservation at the western end of Cape Cod. Sensitive surface water features including ponds, cranberry bogs, and coastal wetlands are hydraulically connected to the aquifer. For one of the plumes (CS‐10 the original remedy of 120 extraction and reinjection wells has the potential for significant disruption of surface water hydrology, through the localized drawdown and mounding of the water table. Recirculating wells with in‐well air stripping offer a cost‐effective alternative to conventional pump‐and‐treat technology that does not adversely affect the configuration of the water table. Pilot testing of a two well system, pumping 300 gpm, showed a capture radius of > 200 feet per well, in‐well trichloroethylene (TCE) removal efficiencies of 92 to 98 percent per recirculation cycle, an average of three recirculation cycles within the capture zone, and no measurable effect on water table elevations at any point within the recirculation/treatment zone. During 120 days of operation, the mean concentration of TCE in the treatment zone was reduced by 83 percent, from 1,111 μg/l to 184 μg/l. Full‐scale design projections indicate that 60 wells at an average spacing of 160 feet, having an aggregate recirculation 11 MGD, can contain the CS‐b plume without ground water extraction or adverse hydraulic effects on surface water resources. The estimated capital costs for such a system are about $7 million, and annual operations‐and‐maintenance costs should be about $1.4 million, 40 percent of those associated with a pump and treat system over a 20‐year period.     

人工湿地污水处理系统植物光合作用特性的研究

利用人工湿地处理生活污水,考察了湿地植物光合作用特性及其与污染物净化效果的关系。结果表明,植物净光合速率只与湿地COD、TN去除率显著正相关。而与TP去除率关系不大。在实际工程中,可将植物光合速率作为湿地植物选择的重要依据之一。     

人工湿地构造及生物因素研究进展

介绍了近10年报道的不同构造人工湿地(CW)的污水处理性能及CW中微生物、植物、动物的相关研究进展.分析了各种CW构造优缺点、CW与其他技术的结合、CW微生物群落的特征、影响因素和研究手段、CW植物与动物对CW处理性能的贡献及作用机制.提出今后应重点研究:复合人工湿地(ICW)工艺优化;CW强化技术及其参数;CW微生物...     

Depressional runoff cascade networks of the Des Moines Lobe of Iowa

In this study, we develop a general mathematical framework and algorithm for routing cumulative precipitation excess through depressional fill–spill cascade networks in a landscape using only information about depression morphology, local contributing areas, and potential overland flow pathways. The framework also allows for the classification of depressions according to their landscape position within a network, and calculation of precipitation- and non-precipitation-dependent network properties, including measures of network complexity and runoff connectivity. To demonstrate its use, we applied our framework to the 167,287 drained depressions of the Des Moines Lobe of Iowa, a sub-region of the Prairie Pothole Region of North America, over a large range of historically observed precipitation amounts for scenarios both neglecting and incorporating infiltration in runoff generation. Our results show that 85.3% of depressions in this region form 18,851 unique depressional runoff cascade networks, with the remainder being disjunct features. Most of the properties of the region's networks appear to conform to either a truncated power-law or lognormal distribution. For a given rainfall amount, surface runoff connectivity between depressions within networks, and between networks and off-network areas, is controlled primarily by available aggregate depressional volumetric storage and contributing area, and to a lesser degree, network complexity.     

4种改良剂对酸性紫色土肥力及活性有机碳组分的影响

探究4种改良剂施用对酸性紫色土土壤肥力及活性碳组分特征影响,为紫色土养分管理及稳固碳库提供科学依据.采用田间试验,设置不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（F）、石灰+化肥（SF）、有机肥+化肥（OM）、生物炭+化肥（BF）及酒糟灰渣+化肥（JZ）这6个处理,研究不同处理土壤有机质、pH、速效养分、土壤综合肥力指数（IFI）、溶解性有机碳（DOC）、微生物量碳（MBC）、颗粒有机碳（POC）含量及各组分有效率和土壤碳库管理指数（CPMI）,阐明其相互关系.结果表明：①施用改良剂显著提高了土壤pH及有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量（P<0.05）,有机肥+化肥（OM）和酒糟灰渣+化肥（JZ）处理土壤综合肥力指数提高最为显著（P<0.05）,较对照分别提高了1.96和0.77,增幅分别为170.43%和66.96%.②酒糟灰渣+化肥（JZ）和有机肥+化肥（OM）处理土壤POC、MBC和DOC含量较对照处理分别提高了110.30%和84.81%、61.08%和46.56%、195.87%和141.67%;改良剂的施用均显著提高了土壤碳库指数（CPI）和碳库管理指数（CMPI）（P<0.05）,其中以有机肥+化肥（OM）处理提高最为显著,土壤CPI值和CMPI值较对照分别增加了107.34%和90.75%.③土壤有机碳及其活性组分与土壤综合肥力指数呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,冗余分析表明施用改良剂各处理间分异性显著,土壤IFI、pH和速效钾对有机碳及其组分的解释率均达到显著水平,解释率顺序分别为：IFI（74.6%）>pH（11.7%）>AK（6.5%）.酸性紫色土施用酒糟灰渣和有机肥提高土壤肥力和改良土壤质量效果最显著,同时有利于促进土壤碳组分的积累和活化.     

基于流域单元的环巢湖综合景观对河流水质的影响

考虑流域特征差异对河流水质的影响,以巢湖流域为研究对象,根据2019年10月至2020年9月河流监测点水质、气象、地形、土壤与遥感影像等数据,通过数字地形分析划分各监测点的流域单元,综合利用相关性分析、冗余分析以及多元回归分析探究了流域单元的综合景观特征（包括土地利用、气候、地形、土壤等）对环巢湖河流水质的影响.结果表明:①环巢湖河流水质空间差异大,主要污染物为总氮与氨氮,大多数河流总氮浓度超过Ⅴ类水质标准,污染严重的区域集中在合肥市区及周边河流以及丰乐河和杭埠河中下游.②流域单元综合景观特征对河流水质有着显著性影响.其中,建筑用地比例、斑块密度、散布与并列指数、香农多样性指数与水质指标呈正相关,而林草地比例、蔓延度指数与水质指标呈负相关.③在不同季节,流域单元的综合景观特征在湿季对河流水质的影响效应要强于干季,这主要是由干湿季降水的差异引起的.