生态规划在浙江杭州武强溪流域环境综合整治中的应用

文章阐述了生态规划的涵义及其国内外的发展情况。从区域背景分析和现状资料介绍入手,对武强溪流域进行生态敏感性分析和生态适宜度评价。在此基础上,对整个区域作出了生态规划,提出设立生态保护区、进行土地的规模利用、因地制宜地进行产业布局和建立人工湿地城镇污水处理系统。最后,分析了在环境综合整治中生态规划优于环境规划之处,并指出了生态规划中的生态敏感性分析方法还不够完善,生态适宜度评价尚有缺陷。     

资源科学的研究对象、学科体系与建设途径

资源科学是一门研究自然资源的形成、演化、质量特征与时空分布及其与人类社会发展之相互关系的科学。资源科学的学科体系与分支学科主要包括理论资源学、综合(基础)资源学、部门(应用)资源学与区域资源学,其中,综合资源学可以续分为7个资源学科,部门资源学可以续分为9个资源学科;理论资源学作为资源科学通论,区域资源学作为资源科学在具体区域的实际应用,都可做出进一步续分;由此提出了资源科学学科体系发展的三维结构网络模式。在此基础上,结合国内外高等院校资源科学的专业设置、学位体系与课程设计,提出整合现有分列的资源科学研究内容,在国家“学科分类与代码”和“授予博士、硕士学位和培养研究生的学科、专业目录”中,增列资源科学与技术交叉学科门类;高等院校的资源与环境学院,在资源科学之下可以设立资源科学、资源技术与资源管理3个本科专业,并招收相关专业的硕士、博士研究生。以此推动资源科学学科体系的发展与高级资源科学人才的培养工作。     

计算机模拟与可视化技术在火灾科学研究中的应用

随着信息技术的不断发展,计算机模拟和可视化技术在火灾科学研究的各个方面都得到了广泛的应用,该文系统介绍了计算机模拟和可视化技术在当前火灾安全技术层面的一些重要的应用和需要解决的一些问题。     

论欧盟环境法的一体化原则

一体化原则是欧盟环境法的重要原则之一,类似于我国的“综合决策”机制。本文结合一体化原则在欧盟的确立过程,分析了一体化原则的含义及对欧盟环境法产生的意义。对于一体化原则是否意味着环境优先,其实欧盟确认一体化原则并不强调环境保护优先于经济发展。文章对此问题做出了详细剖析,文章的最后对一体化原则进行了评价,指出了值得我国借鉴的地方。     

档案工作要坚持三个面向

本文从分析档案工作的重要性入手,提出了搞好档案工作要坚持面向社会、面向科技、面向未来的工作思路,以此推动档案事业的健康发展,充分发挥其在国民经济和人民生活中应有的效益。     

农业科技资源与农业经济发展关系实证

农业科技资源是实现农业发展方式转变和农业可持续发展的重要因素,发展现代农业也迫切需要将农业科技资源转化为现实生产力.为了分析农业科技资源与农业经济发展之间的动态关系,作者选取中国1990-2008年的统计数据,运用协整分析和格兰杰因果关系检验,考察了农业研究与开发机构科技活动经费支出、农业技术人员及农业机械总动力与农业经济增长的内在关系.实证结果表明:农业科技资源与农业经济发展之间存在协整关系,即长期稳定的均衡关系,但在短期内会偏离长期均衡.当偏离均衡时,长期对短期偏离均衡的调整力度为59.8%;存在从农业研究与开发机构科技活动经费支出、农业技术人员到农业经济发展的单向格兰杰因果关系,而反向关系得不到实证支持.但农业机械总动力与农业经济发展之间存在显著的双向格兰杰因果关系.因此,增加农业科技活动经费支出、培养农业技术人才、提高农业机械利用效率是促进农业经济发展的重要路径选择.     

Regional Research Capacity -Building inSustainability Science:Facts, Gaps, and Futures in Northeast Asia

Evidence shows that some conceptual ideas relevant to both local and global sustainability have been adopted in some official documents in northeast Asian nations, particularly China, South Korea, and Japan. This seems to be a very positive signal for the future development of sustainability science in this region. However,studyes show that there are still some major gaps there. One is the problem of how to build up the regional research capacity of sustainability science among northeast Asian research institutes across different disciplines as well as different political systems. Another is how to shift the conceptual frameworks of sustainability science into the operational policy frameworks. There are four major obstacles to the enhancement of regional research capacity-building in sustainability science. In order to build up the regional research capacity in sustainability science and to realize both local and global goals of the sustainable development in northeast Asia, this paper proposes some ba     

Some of the Nineteenth Century Origins of the Sustainability Concept

Interpreting and applying the concept of sustainable development is increasingly viewed as being the way to promulgate just and practicable economic, environmental and social policy. It is thus important that there be increased public and political awareness concerning the origins of economic theory, and its early relationship to sustainability concepts. While the term 'sustainable development' was popularised by the World Commission on Environment and Development report Our Common Future in 1987, it is generally recognised that notions of sustainability were promoted in `limits to growth' and 'green' discourses in the early 1970s (Meadows et al.: 1974, The Limits to Growth: A Report for the Club of Rome, Potomac Associates and Pan Books, London and Sydney). However, there is little acknowledgement of the way in which nineteenth century intellectuals, from a range of disciplines, conceptualised the importance of balancing economic, social and environmental sustainability in their quest for justice and the conservation of nature.There was a considerable exchange of ideas on `political economy' and nature across Europe, and later the Americas, from the middle of the eighteenth century. This discourse reached its intellectual peak in the nineteenth century. During that era there was a proliferation of literature that was aimed at improving the human condition and recognising humanity's dependence upon nature. In Europe and the USA the participants in the debate included Cantillon, Quesnay, Condorcet, Galiani, Von Hayek, Marx and George. Due to the breadth of this influential body of work, we focus here on the British Victorian thinkers such as Darwin, Malthus, Martineau and Mill. These thinkers influenced each other in developing their theories and ideas in science, politics, economics and philosophy, and were influenced in turn by an earlier generation of intellectuals, such as Adam Smith. For the Victorian thinkers, conserving nature while trying to improve the distribution of wealth was a not a paradox, but a moral duty, and for them Smith's `rational' pursuit of self-interest could only be followed if it did not interfere with 'the rules of justice'. We argue that the manner in which these thinkers conceptualised their theories and ideas represents the nineteenth century origins of sustainability concepts.     

转变观念 加快改革 开创社会发展科技工作新局面

本文详细分析了我国面临着社会发展科技工作的新形势,并指出其当前应以发展生产力、解放生产力,以及进一步扩大开放等为主的五大任务。针对我国国情,论述了社会发展科技工作应以发展科学技术促进经济与社会协调发展为中心,强调社会发展综合试点工作的意义及今后的工作重点和步骤。     

Citizen science on speed? Realising the triple objective of scientific rigour,policy influence and deep citizen engagement in a large-scale citizen science project on ambient air quality in Antwerp

Citizen science projects are increasingly recognised as catalyst for triggering behaviour change and building social capital around environmental issues. However, overview studies observe recurrent challenges in many citizen science projects in terms of combining high levels of data quality with deep citizen engagement and policy influence. This paper reports on the findings of the CurieuzeNeuzen project (www.CurieuzeNeuzen.eu), a large-scale citizen science project on air quality in Antwerp, delivering results in the three areas described above. Through CurieuzeNeuzen, 2,000 citizens studied the air quality levels in and around Antwerp in 2016 and were intensively deliberating on possible causes and solutions. Surveys were conducted at the start and towards the end of the project, with participants stating that their participation resulted in changed views and behaviour towards air pollution, mobility solutions, and city planning. The findings were picked-up academically and contributed to policy debates on air quality at city and regional level.