Mercury contamination and accumulation in sediments of the East China Sea

Mercury (Hg) concentrations in sediment samples collected from the inner and middle shelves of the East China Sea (ECS) were analyzed to evaluate Hg contamination levels and to calculate Hg sedimentation rates and total accumulation in the ECS. The range of Hg concentrations in surface sediments of the inner shelf was 26.5–47.6 ng/g, and that for the middle shelf was 4.1–13.9 ng/g. Hg concentrations correlated well with organic carbon contents but varied inversely with sediment grain size. Enrichment factors indicated that the whole inner shelf and a small portion of the middle shelf were slightly contaminated by Hg. Hg accumulation rates in the ECS ranged between 0.42–48.7 ng/(cm2·yr), with higher values observed in the inner shelf. Total Hg accumulation in the calculated area (accounting for 80% of the ECS continental shelf area) ranged from 25 to 30 tons/yr; approximately 51% and 17% of the accumulated Hg mass was deposited in the Yangtze estuarine zone and the inner shelf, respectively.     

Effect of phosphorus fluctuation caused by river water dilution in eutrophic lake on competition between blue-green alga Microcystis aeruginosa and diatom Cyclotella sp.

Tega-numa (Lake Tega) is one of the eutrophic lakes in Japan. For the improvement of water quality in Lake Tega, the Northchiba Water Conveyance Channel was constructed in 2000, which transfer water from Tone River into the lake. After 2000, the dominant species of diatoms, mainly Cyclotella sp., have been replacing blue-green algae, mainly Microcystis aeruginosa in Lake Tega. This transition of dominant species would be due to the dilution, but the detail mechanism has not been understood yet. This study examined the relationship between phosphorus fluctuation caused by river water dilution to Lake Tega and dominance of algal species, M. aeruginosa or Cyclotella sp. based on the single-species and the mixed-species culture experiments. The single-species culture experiment showed that the half-saturation constant and uptake rate of phosphorus were one order lower and seven times higher for M. aeruginosa than those for Cyclotella sp. These findings implied that M. aeruginosa would possess a potential for the growth and survival over Cyclotella sp. in the phosphorus limited condition. The superiority of M. aeruginosa was reflected in the outcome of the mixed-species culture experiment, i.e., dominance of M. aeruginosa, even phosphorus concentration was lowered to 0.01 mg-P/L. Therefore, it could be concluded that the decrease in phosphorus concentration due to the river water dilution to Lake Tega would be interpreted as a minor factor for the transition of dominant species from M. aeruginosa to Cyclotella sp.     

滇池流域农村生活污水产排污系数研究

通过对滇池流域农村生活污水产、排污系数的调查、监测和研究,统计分析得出滇池流域农村生活污水产、排污系数,为滇池流域农村生活污染治理工作提供科学依据。     

湖泊富营养化评价模型的发展和应用

以湖泊富营养化模型研究的发展为主线,着重介绍了四类富营养化模型,即：营养盐模型,浮游植物生态模型,生态动力学模型和人工神经网络模型。通过对目前国内外常用富营养化模型的建立思路和应用实例进行概括和描述。对不同模型的优缺点和适用范围进行了分析比较,对水体富营养化研究的最新发展趋势进行了预测和展望,为湖泊水库综合管理提供了有效参考。     

南太湖地区小型浅水湖泊自净能力季节变化研究

以南太湖地区小型浅水湖泊为对象,研究了湖泊水体自净能力季节变化的特征.结果表明,湖泊对高锰酸盐指数、总氮(TN)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、总磷(TP)、叶绿素a(Chl-a)的净化能力季节性差异较大.各水质指标春季和冬季自净效果较好,夏季自净效果较差的是NH4+-N和NO3--N,秋季是TP和Chl-a.湖泊四季水体有机污染较轻,TN、TP污染严重.TN、TP浓度条件适宜藻类生长,水体容易发生富营养化,磷为限制性因子.Chl-a浓度显示湖泊在夏秋两季处于富营养化水平,冬春两季转变为中营养水平.浮游植物的生长与暴发对水质有较大影响,并影响到湖泊的自净能力.影响水体pH值和溶解氧(DO)浓度的主要因素是水生植物的种类和数量,农田肥料流失和农村生活污水排放是造成水体中氮磷含量过高的主要原因.过量使用有机肥使得夏季湖泊水体中有机氮占TN的主要部分,其他季节NO3--N占TN的主要部分.主成分分析结果表明,影响南太湖地区小型浅水湖泊自净能力的3个主成分分别为浮游植物因子(水温、pH、高锰酸盐指数和Chl-a)、农田排水因子(pH、DO和TN)和营养因子(TN和TP).聚类分析结果表明,3个湖泊11个采样点4个季节的水质可聚为两大类,春秋冬季为一类,夏季为一类,这一结果是受温度变化及农田排水所致.利用水温和pH拟合出用于计算湖泊水体中的高锰酸盐指数、TN、TP、Chl-a的线性方程,提高了现场快速预测能力.     

基于时空地质统计学的滇池水质时空分布模拟

使用滇池水域10个观测站（外海8个,草海2个）上TN、TP、CODMn、DO、BOD、叶绿素a等6个指标在2a间（2005～2006）每个月的观测数据,利用时空地质统计学计算了各指标的时空变异函数和进行了普通克立格估值。从结果来看,时空变异函数可以较好地刻划环境变量与时空变化之间的关系,能更精确地估计环境变量在时间和空间的分布。从各水质指标的模拟结果来看,滇池的污染严重区域主要为北部的昆明城区、东北部的呈贡、东部的大渔地区。     

城市浅水湖泊雨水溢流总磷输运的数值模拟

从三维对流-扩散-反应方程出发,根据雨水箱涵溢流入湖总磷形态特性,推导雨水溢流进入城市浅水湖泊后二维总磷的输运方程,并与浅水流动方程结合,建立城市浅水湖泊平面二维水流-水质总磷的数学模型.模型通过深圳荔枝湖实测资料验证,计算结果较好.用此模型计算设计降雨强度28 mm/h历时1 h情况下,雨水径流通过箱涵溢流进入荔枝湖和湖水混合后总磷输运情况,分析了入湖雨水总磷归趋.结果表明,溢流入湖TP通量为15.385 kg,其中62.3%掺混在水体中,28.1%沉积到表层底泥;污染后的湖水通过水污染治理工程连续运行3.0 d可将荔枝湖TP恢复到雨前初始浓度水平.     

几种覆盖材料抑制湖泊污染底泥氮释放的试验研究

建立了一套模拟湖泊小试装置,分别采用含黏土的沙子、清洁黄土和土工布3种材料覆盖湖泊污染底泥,抑制底泥中的氮释放。试验控制在恒温25℃厌氧条件下进行,经过75d静置试验,结果表明:含黏土的沙子和清洁黄土均能有效抑制污染底泥的氮释放,而单独使用土工布的效果不佳;覆盖材料的覆盖厚度越厚,抑制污染底泥氮释放的效果越好;覆盖厚度为5cm、15cm和30cm的沙子对污染底泥氮释放的抑制率分别为74.9%、94.0%和96.8%,覆盖厚度为5cm、15cm和30cm的黄土对污染底泥氮释放的抑制率分别为77.2%、95.5%和98.8%,可见黄土的效果更优;从工程成本考虑,采用15cm覆盖厚度即可。     

热带浅水城市湖泊富营养化水体修复中生物操纵的研究

从生物操纵的来由、生物操纵的研究开展到生物操纵的局限,较为全面的体现了生物操纵在湖泊富营养化水体修复中所起的作用,并提出生物操纵的研究展望,提供了生物操纵在典型热带浅水城市湖泊-惠州西湖的实践案例研究,期为生物操纵在热带浅水城市湖泊深入研究提供一定的参考。     

汤旺河干流伊春红山水电站建设对鱼类资源的影响

伊春红山水电站是汤旺河干流梯级规划中首批开发的水电站,位于汤旺河上游梯级电站的最后一级。红山水电站枢纽工程以发电为主,兼顾水产养殖、提供保障森林防火水源及发展旅游业等的综合利用水利枢纽工程。本文就红山水电站枢纽工程建设对红山坝址段,即上甘岭河段的鱼类资源产生的影响进行预测评价。