Analysis of noise pollution in an andesite quarry with the use of simulation studies and evaluation indices

This paper presents the verification of two partial indices proposed for the evaluation of continuous and impulse noise pollution in quarries. These indices, together with the sound power of machines index and the noise hazard index at the workstation, are components of the global index of assessment of noise hazard in the working environment of a quarry. This paper shows the results of acoustic tests carried out in an andesite quarry. Noise generated by machines and from performed blasting works was investigated. On the basis of acoustic measurements carried out in real conditions, the sound power levels of machines and the phenomenon of explosion were determined and, based on the results, three-dimensional models of acoustic noise propagation in the quarry were developed. To assess the degree of noise pollution in the area of the quarry, the continuous and impulse noise indices were used.     

城市景观河流水质污染防治进展研究

城市河流在维持城市发展中具有重要作用.城市河流的主要问题是由水质污染转变的生态退化或破坏,城市景观河流水质污染防治主要有物理、化学法、生物修复以及生态恢复法.针对不同的城市河流以及污染情况,需要用不同的污染防治措施,通过分析不同污染防治措施的原理及其应用特点,得出生物修复以及河水生态恢复效果明显且经济可行.并明确了目前城市河流污染防治的关键在于处理技术的创新及城市河流理念现代化.     

提升城市园林绿化生态效应途径研究

以徐州市老工业基地型城市为例,从生态环境破坏严重、城区绿量严重不足、绿地系统结构不合理等方面,对徐州市原有绿地系统存在主要问题进行简析,总结了徐州市立足自然资源,加强规划引领,立足项目带动,加快完善生态系统,优化绿地布局,提升人居环境,创建生态优良、环境优美、功能完备、生活舒适健康的生态园林城市的主要途径和措施,并从城市园林绿化绿地生产力、城市热岛效应、滞尘降噪、生物多样性指数等方面分析了实施效果.     

大尺度下土地利用与景观格局演变分析--以湛江海洋大学主校区为例

通过分析景观斑块的分离度、多样性、均匀性等指数，总结了大学校园土地利用与景观类型的关系，对优化校园景观格局具有现实指导意义。以湛江海洋大学主校区1996年和2005的遥感影像为信息源．在大尺度下利用GIS技术计算和分析主校区各类景观和总体景观的演变情况。结果表明．湛江海洋大学主校区整体景观的孔隙度、多样性、均匀度增加，而破碎度、优势度减小。     

Farming and Landscape Management: How French Farmers are Coping with the Ecologization of Their Activities

In Europe, an increasing share of public subsidies for food production is being transferred towards the production of goods and environmental services. Today, farmers hesitate between the quest for technical and economic performance, which has been the paradigm of their professional activities since the 1960s, on one hand, and taking account of the environmental concerns that have been imposed since the middle of the 80s, on the other. Is it possible for farmers to continue to work according to the paradigm of the producer of agri-food goods, and how do they react to the ecologization of their activities? In this paper, we will see the difficulties and sources of tension induced by landscape maintenance in the daily professional practice of the farmers. We will see that the professional identity of the farmers is profoundly brought into question by these changes (substitution of strictly “agricultural issues” by more general concerns such as “rural issues,” substitution of the farmer by the “ecologized” peasant...). The topic of landscape reveals social strains between farmers. It also raises the question of the legitimacy of farmers to define the sense of their activities by themselves. Finally we will see that environmental orientations do not systematically open up new prospects for all farmers; they sometimes contribute to increase the inequalities between farmers (financial support proportional to land property, marginalization of farmers who are less socially integrated...).     

城市景观规划中的防洪策略--以2002年欧洲特大洪灾为例

近年来，由于全球变暖、不合理地改造自然、城市化进程加剧以及人们的思想松懈等原因，世界上城市洪灾发生较为频繁，给各国城市和人民带来重大损失。城市防洪已成为城市发展过程中备受关注的问题。为此，以2002年8月欧洲部分国家爆发的特大洪水为例，在分析其原因的基础上，提出了城市景观规划中的防洪策赂，希望它能对我国的城市防洪事业和城市景观规划工作起到借鉴作用。     

基于GA-BP模型的景观小水体富营养化评价方法

为了研究适用于景观小水体富营养化评价的方法,以上海市10个公园景观水体为实验对象,在初步了解了景观小水体水质和营养状况的基础上运用主成份分析法对各项水质指标进行评价因子筛选,并对筛选出来的因子建立富营养化评价等级.运用MATLAB软件的GA-BP算法建立评价模型对10个公园4个季度共40组数据进行评价,结果显示与营养度指数法结果总体一致.选用的Chla, TP, TN, CODMn, SD五个评价因子的数据都比较易得,模型可推广性强.     

浮岛植物净化水质效果研究

研究了人工浮岛对模拟滞流景观水体的水质改善效果,并比较了五种浮岛植物对污染物的去除效率.结果显示,处理7d左右水体TN、NH3-N、TP和COD去除率迅速增加,透明度显著增大,延长处理时间有利于污染物的去除,但植物根系分泌物会增加水体的色度.经45 d处理,鸢尾对TN、NH3-N、TP和COD等污染物的整体去除效果最好...     

利用络氨铜控制景观水体藻华

研究了络氨铜对不同生长期的典型蓝藻（铜绿微囊藻,Microcystis aeruginosa）15d生长抑制影响的基础上,开展了络氨铜对不同时期景观池水中叶绿素a含量的影响,并跟踪测定了其中的有效铜离子浓度变化.结果表明,络氨铜在0.10mg·L-1（络氨铜的有效浓度,下同）时,可完全抑制适应期铜绿微囊藻的生长;在4d...     

洱海流域土地利用格局研究

基于GIS和Erdas平台,利用2007年TM影像,对洱海流域不同高程、不同方位的用地方式、布局状态及其景观格局进行了研究。研究表明,洱海流域以有林地、灌木林地、草地、农田、水域用地5类用地方式为主,但用地布局和格局不甚合理;从不同方位布局看,东部和南部片区的景观破碎度相对较高,景观连通性相对较低。建议将高干扰用地景观部分向洱海东部片区转移,并优化和重组洱海流域景观结构。