The importance of considering multiple interacting species for conservation of species at risk

Conservation of species at risk of extinction is complex and multifaceted. However, mitigation strategies are typically narrow in scope, an artifact of conservation research that is often limited to a single species or stressor. Knowledge of an entire community of strongly interacting species would greatly enhance the comprehensiveness and effectiveness of conservation decisions. We investigated how camera trapping and spatial count models, an extension of spatial-recapture models for unmarked populations, can accomplish this through a case study of threatened boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou). Population declines in caribou are precipitous and well documented, but recovery strategies focus heavily on control of wolves (Canis lupus) and pay less attention to other known predators and apparent competitors. Obtaining necessary data on multispecies densities has been difficult. We used spatial count models to concurrently estimate densities of caribou, their predators (wolf, black bear [Ursus americanus], and coyote [Canis latrans]), and alternative prey (moose [Alces alces] and white-tailed deer [Odocoileus virginianus]) from a camera-trap array in a highly disturbed landscape within northern Alberta's Oil Sands Region. Median densities were 0.22 caribous (95% Bayesian credible interval [BCI] = 0.08–0.65), 0.77 wolves (95% BCI = 0.26–2.67), 2.39 moose (95% BCI = 0.56–7.00), 2.64 coyotes (95% BCI = 0.45–6.68), and 3.63 black bears (95% BCI = 1.25–8.52) per 100 km². (The white-tailed deer model did not converge.) Although wolf densities were higher than densities recommended for caribou conservation, we suggest the markedly higher black bear and coyote densities may be of greater concern, especially if government wolf control further releases these species. Caribou conservation with a singular focus on wolf control may leave caribou vulnerable to other predators. We recommend a broader focus on the interacting species within a community when conserving species.     

Public attitudes and perceptions to the West-to-East Pipeline Project and ecosystem management in large project construction

Ecosystem management addresses transboundary, interdisciplinary and multiparty issues from an ecosystem perspective. In this regard, public participation of ecosystem management is particularly important for achieving a successful outcome. However, public attitudes and perceptions on ecosystem management in project construction are often ignored in the developing countries. Large project construction in China is booming, for example, oil/gasoline pipelines, water diversion projects, highway networks and high-speed railway networks. These projects may have important impacts on China's economy, as well as ecosystems. The perception of local people on these projects is crucial for their safe fulfilment. In this paper, the West-to-East Pipeline Project (WEPP), a large project in China built in 2004 to transport gas from the north-west to the south-east, was used as a case study to examine public participation and perceptions on ecosystem management. Field interviews were conducted in the summer of 2005 for data collection, and logistic regression models were used for data analysis. Modelling results show that public attitudes to WEPP construction are closely related to education, occupation and place of residence. Generally, interviewees with higher education and more involvement in WEPP have a positive attitude. However, local people have a poor understanding of ecological restoration and ecosystem management. For safe implementation of WEPP, some adjunct projects are required to improve the local economy and ecosystem functions, and different economic compensation schemes should be designed for stakeholders by region. Additionally, development strategies, such as offering part-time jobs, education and training to local farmers, are necessary to change attitudes and improve awareness on ecosystem management. It is also important to strengthen public participation in the early stages of project construction.     

空分站大型空压机组的噪声治理

介绍了洛阳分公司空压车间空分站大型空压机组的噪声治理,采用局部敞开式隔声罩隔音降噪,选用合适的吸声材料,效果明显.     

沈阳市大型商场室内环境污染物监测

研究沈阳市大型商场室内环境安全系统特征,拟建立一整套系统、完整的调查、评价与管理体制,为室内环境安全评价提供具有指导意义的技术和方法.沈阳市5家大型商场室内空气污染物监测结果表明,18项指标合格率为72.2%,其中放射性指标达标率100%,物理性指标达标率达98.5%,生物性指标达标率90.9%,化学性指标达标率90.4%,其中氨气、甲醛和总挥发性有机物超标次数较多.沈阳市大型商场室内的环境安全状况不容乐观,污染现象较普遍,所涉及的人群数量极大,污染来源众多,污染原因复杂,环境安全研究势在必行.     

大空间设置上、下悬窗自然排烟效果对比研究

为研究大空间设置上、下悬窗自然排烟效果的差异,采用FDS软件针对某大空间在不同开窗形式、环境风下室内温度、能见度、CO浓度和烟气蔓延规律进行分析.结果 表明:无风时,上、下悬窗均能够有效排烟,但下悬窗总排烟量比上悬窗高出30％,开下悬窗时,室内温度安全区域的临界高度比上悬窗高出27％,能见度安全区域的临界高度比上悬窗高...     

系统论思想与大型体育赛事应急管理体系构建

为解决当前我国大型体育赛事应急管理中存在的问题,完善赛事应急管理体系,提升赛事应急管理能力,以系统论思想为指导,提出了构建“综合协调”型赛事应急管理组织结构模式,“五位一体”的赛事应急管理机制的思路。采用加强应急管理体系内外部物质、信息交流,法制建设与思想行为培养相结合的方法,维持应急管理系统的稳定性,从而实现大型体育赛事应急管理的科学化。     

THE STATE OF LOUISIANA SUPERPORT AUTHORITY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PLAN – OIL AND OYSTERS1

ABSTRACT: The State of Louisiana created in 1972 the Deep Draft Harbor and Terminal Authority (commonly called Superport Authority) to plan, promote, and develop a deepwater (crude oil) terminal off the coast of Louisiana, and empowered it to establish an Authority development program to promote the economic and social welfare of its citizens. Simultaneously, the Authority was also charged with developing an environmental protection plan to preserve the environmental values of Louisiana's unique coastal marshland while permitting beneficial industrial and economic development. Consequently, in January 1974, an Environmental Protection Plan was promulgated, consisting of a series of regulations, design standards, and operating procedures aimed specifically at protecting the fragile estuarine environment of coastal Louisiana during the construction and ultimate operation of the superport. The paper describes the development of the Superport Authority's Environmental Protection Plan and the current status of the superport project.     

DIFFERENCES IN WARM-SEASON,RAINSTORM-GENERATED STORMFLOWS FOR NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS URBANIZED BASINS1

ABSTRACT: Precipitation, streamflow, and population data were analyzed over the 1941–1990 period to determine whether changes in stormflows and net (post. minus pre-rainstorm) stormflows, associated with warm-season large rainstorms, were similar for two urbanized northeastern Illinois basins. Warm season large rainstorms were defined as April through October rainfall events in which ? 5.1 cm occurred in a 48-hour period over the basin. To minimize differences associated with varying large rainstorm amounts over time, the net sthrmflow for each event was divided by the large rainstorm amount. This ratio, Ui, indicated that the two urbanized basins experienced significant, yet different, increases (102 percent and 49 percent) in flow amount per centimeter of rainfall from 1941–1965 to 1966–1990. Results of a regression analysis between Ui and population showed that the increase in U_i per 100,000 increase in population ranged from 0.59 to 0.67 m³s^-1 per cm of rainfall for the two basins. These results demonstrate the varying degree of change that urban planners can expect in stormflows associated with large warm season rainstorms for areas undergoing urbanization.     

性能化防火分析方法在大型地下商场中的应用

地下建筑火灾具有散热性差、烟气量大、人员疏散困难的特点,需要在消防设计和安全分析时予以足够的重视。该文利用性能化防火分析方法研究某大型地下商场在发生设定火灾条件下的烟气运动以及人员疏散特性,并通过安全疏散时间判据来评估人员能否全部安全疏散。     

烟气输运的大涡模拟研究

应用大涡模拟方法，并结合Smagorinsky亚格子尺度模型，数值研究了烟气输运问题。为了有效地模拟烟气输过过程，文中采用低马赫数近似下的三维可压缩Navier-Stokes方程进行求解，并采用有限差分法数值计算了滤波后的控制方程。对于燃烧过程中所产生的热释放，文中采用Lagrangian粒子携带热量（即热元模型）的近似方法来模拟，同时这些运动粒子进一步用来标识烟气的输运过程。文中数值计算了燃烧热源所形成的热气流和烟气输运过程，分析讨论了相关的湍流特性，以及温度场和速度场，并探讨了不同功率的热源对流动特性的影响。