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Sharon V. R. Epps Roger B. Harvey J. Allen Byrd Branko T. Petrujkić Ivana Sedej Ross C. Beier 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):55-61
Campylobacter jejuni is an important human food-borne pathogen that can contaminate meat and poultry during processing. Consequently, strategies are sought to reduce the carriage of C. jejuni in food animals before they arrive at the abattoir. Thymol is a natural product that reduces survivability of Campylobacter in vitro, but its rapid absorption from the proximal alimentary tract limits its bactericidal efficacy in vivo. Thymol-β-d-glucopyranoside is more resistant to absorption than free thymol, but its administration to chickens has not been reported. In the present studies, 1 mM thymol-β-d-glucopyranoside was shown to exhibit near equal anti-Campylobacter activity as 1 mM thymol when incubated anaerobically in avian crop or cecal contents in vitro, resulting in reductions of 1.10–2.32 log10 colony forming units mL?1 in C. jejuni concentrations after 24 h incubation. In a follow-up live animal study, oral administration of thymol-β-d-glucopyranoside, but not free thymol, significantly lowered (>10-fold) recovery of Campylobacter from the crop of market-aged broilers when compared to placebo-treated controls (n = 6 broilers/treatment). Neither thymol-β-d-glucopyranoside nor thymol affected recovery of Campylobacter from cecal contents of the treated broilers. These results indicate that rapid absorption or passage of free thymol from the crop precluded its anti-Campylobacter activity at this site and throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract. Conversely, lower recovery of Campylobacter from the crop of birds treated with thymol-β-d-glucopyranoside indicates this conjugate was retained and able to be hydrolyzed to biologically active free thymol at this site as intended, yet was not sufficiently protected to allow passage of efficacious amounts of the intact glycoside to the lower gut. Nevertheless, these results warrant further research to see if higher doses or encapsulation of thymol-β-d-glucopyranoside or similar glycosides may yield an efficacious additive to reduce carriage of Campylobacter as well as other pathogens throughout the avian gut. 相似文献
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创意产业集聚区在促进创意产业发展、优化城市空间结构等方面具有重要意义,而以满足创意阶层特征和需求的创意产业集聚区内部公共空间规划的研究相对较少。从创意阶层交往的“心理-行为-空间”这一互动视角出发,选取南京具有代表性的“创意东8区”为研究对象,通过调查问卷、深入访谈和实地观察对创意阶层的“交往心理-交往行为-交往空间”进行了研究。在此基础上,从人口交往空间、中心交往空间、节点交往空间、道路交往空间等方面提出符合创意阶层心理和行为特征,并能促进交往产生的外部交往空间规划设计建议。 相似文献
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The protective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT), a strong antioxidant compound from extra virgin olive oil, against TCDD induced toxicity was investigated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC (1 × 106 cells mL−1) were divided into four groups and were incubated in a CO2 incubator (5% CO2) for 12 h with vehicle, TCDD (10 nM), TCDD + HT (10 nM + 100 μM) and HT alone (100 μM) respectively. To clarify the role of HT against TCDD induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and the levels of antioxidant enzymes were assessed. Incubation of PBMC with TCDD significantly decreased cell viability, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation products (LPO), protein carbonyl content (PCC) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Whereas, HT had an effective antioxidant property as observed by the increased cell viability, normalization of antioxidant enzymes and decreased levels of LPO, PCC and ROS in PBMC co-treated with HT and TCDD. Apoptosis detection and comet assay results shows that HT, by acting as an antioxidant, prevents the damage to DNA induced by TCDD. In addition light microscopic and histopathological observations revealed that the cells are apoptotic and degenerated during TCDD treatment, whereas cells showed intact morphology during co-treatment with HT. On the whole, the results reveal that HT exerts a promising antioxidant potential in protecting the PBMC against TCDD induced oxidative stress, which might be due to the presence of catechol moiety in its structure. 相似文献
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Shi W Wang X Hu G Hao Y Zhang X Liu H Wei S Wang X Yu H 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(2):441-448
Thyroid hormone (TH) agonist and antagonist activities of water sources along the Yangtze River in China were surveyed by a green monkey kidney fibroblast (CV-1) cell-based TH reporter gene assay. Instrumental analysis was conducted to identify the responsible thyroid-active compounds. Instrumentally derived l-3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) equivalents (T3-EQs) and thyroid receptor (TR) antagonist activity equivalents referring to dibutyl phthalate (DBP-EQs) were calculated from the concentrations of individual congeners. The reporter gene assay demonstrated that three out of eleven water sources contained TR agonist activity equivalents (TR-EQs), ranging from 286 to 293 ng T3/L. Anti-thyroid hormone activities were found in all water sources with the TR antagonist activity equivalents referring to DBP (Ant-TR-EQs), ranging from 51.5 to 555.3 μg/L. Comparisons of the equivalents from instrumental and biological assays suggested that high concentrations of DBP and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) were responsible for the observed TR antagonist activities at some locations along the Yangtze River. 相似文献
17.
闫新丽 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2002,12(2):57-60
马克思、思格斯早在19世纪40年代已经前瞻性地论述了经济全球化的思想,他们认为:资产阶级的资本是经济全球化的主体和内在动力,经济全球化的实质是资本的全球化;经济全球化的原因是生产力的发展和技术的进步;经济全球化的趋势是全球社会主义。马克思主义的经济全球化理论为研究当代经济全球化的原因、特征、发展趋势及其对当今世界的影响有着重要意义。 相似文献
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Ein Moosbiomonitoring zur Ermittlung atmosph?rischer Elementeintr?ge in die Euroregion Nei?e (D, PL, CZ) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Olaf Wappelhorst Siegfried Korhammer Uta -Susanne Leffler und Bernd Markert 《Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung》2000,12(4):191-200
Zusammenfassung Durch ein Moosbiomonitoring sollte die H?he und die Verteilung der atmosph?rischen Deposition von 37 Elementen in der Euroregion
Nei?e (ERN) nach den politischen und wirtschaftlichen Ver?nderungen erfasst und mit anderen Regionen verglichen werden. Weiterhin
sollten die Akkumulationseigenschaften vonPleurozium schreberi undPolytrichum formosum, den in dieser Studie verwendeten Moosarten, miteinander verglichen werden.
Bis Anfang der 90er Jahre war diese Region Teil des “Schwarzen Dreiecks”, das sich durch eine extrem hohe atmosph?rische Staubbelastung
auszeichnete. Durch die Schlie?ung zahlreicher Betriebe, der Ausrüstung der Kraftwerke mit Filteranlagen, der abnehmenden
Bedeutung der Braunkohle als h?uslicher Energietr?ger ver?nderte sich die Situation drastisch.
Die Elementkonzentrationen in den Moosen der ERN lassen sich heute mit denen der alten Bundesl?nder vergleichen. Lediglich
für Fe und Ti konnten deutlich h?here Gehalte ermittelt werden. Dies ist auf den h?heren Anteil der Braunkohle als Energietr?ger
zurückzuführen. In der Region um Katowice in Oberschlesien konnten für einige Elemente mehr als 10 fach h?here Gehalte in
den Moosen als in der ERN ermittelt werden.
Das Oberschlesische Industrierevier weist eine derart hobe atmosph?rische Belastungen auf, dass hier ein dringender Handlungsbedarf
besteht.
Online-First: 21. Juni 2000 相似文献