草坪小绿叶蝉空间分布格局分析

用聚集度指标法、Iwao法、Taylor法对草坪小绿叶蝉的空间分布格局进行测定检验.结果表明,聚集度指标C>1、CA>0、Iw>1、1>0、K>0,说明小绿叶蝉在高羊茅草坪空间分布为聚集格局.拟合的回归方程为m<'*>=3.34710+1.58901x(r=0.8159)和lg(S<'2>)=0.67200+1.24334lg x(r=0.9640),说明小绿叶蝉在草坪上呈聚集分布,分布的基本成份为个体群,而且个体间相互吸引.     

不同性状城市污水污泥在草坪生产中的应用研究

将城市污水污泥的生污泥和腐熟污泥施用于土壤,对该土壤上生长的高羊茅的生物量、土壤的理化特性等进行测定,并将污泥肥效与鸡粪进行了对照.结果表明,腐熟污泥对高羊茅生长的抑制作用主要表现在地上部分,对于其地下部分的生长存在着促进作用,而生污泥对高羊茅生长的促进作用主要表现在地上部分,施用量较大时会对其地下部分的生长产生轻微的...     

城市绿地降雨径流污染特征对比研究：以澳门与厦门为例

在澳门与厦门分别选一分流制管道类型的绿地小流域开展降雨径流监测,以研究城市绿地降雨径流污染特征.结果表明,两城市绿地小流域降雨径流的主要污染物为COD、TP、NO_3~--N,其EMC平均值分别为165.77～60.48 mg/L、 0.96～0.44 mg/L和7.16～1.18 mg/L;两城市绿地的COD、TP、NO_3~--N污染负荷平均值分别为6.53～0.63 kg/hm~2、 0.037 5～0.0047 kg/hm~2 和0.012 2～0.012 8 kg/hm~2;绿地降雨径流污染物浓度峰值出现时间早于径流量峰值;城市绿地降雨径流初始冲刷效应不明显,厦门绿地小流域降雨径流COD、TSS、TP及NO_3~--N的FF_(30)分别为36.26%、 26.13%、 28.13% 和39.03%.基于多元回归分析结果表明,总降雨量和总径流量是影响绿地降雨径流污染初始冲刷效应的主要因素.     

广场给排水工程设计中的几个问题

本文介绍了校园广场的给排水工程设计特点，提出解决广场排水坡度不能满足设计要求的具体办法探讨了绿地雨水排放中应该注意的几个问题．     

基于IRGA通量箱法的草坪夏季晴天CO_2净交换量日动态

利用红外气体箱式法(Infrared Gas Analyze,IRGA),于2008年8月晴天对福州市马尼拉草坪(Zoysia matrel-la)的生态系统CO2净交换(NEE)和环境因子进行观测,阐明NEE及其组分的昼夜动态变化特征和影响因子。马尼拉草坪NEE的昼夜变化呈现为单峰型曲线,昼间其变化规律较强,夜间呈波动状态。NEE(取绝对值)最大值出现在10:00,最小值出现在16:00左右。太阳辐射、腔室内空气相对湿度和气温与NEE的相关性均为极显著(p<0.01),太阳辐射、腔室内空气相对湿度和5cm土壤温度共同解释NEE速率昼夜变异的89.30%。太阳辐射和腔室内空气相对湿度是影响草坪生态系统CO2净交换量日动态的主导环境因子;其中,太阳辐射可以单独解释NEE速率昼夜变化的79.70%,腔室内空气相对湿度可以单独解释NEE速率昼夜变化的50.40%;夏季晴天草坪生态系统在日尺度上表现为净吸收,平均CO2净交换速率为-4.11μmol/(m2.s)(负值表示吸收),平均日总通量为-0.18 mol/(m2.d)。     

再生水灌溉对草坪土壤微生物群落的影响

为探讨再生水替代自来水进行草坪灌溉的可行性,采集了北京市市政再生水草坪灌区及自来水对照区根际、根系层和非根系层土壤样品,通过可培养微生物在不同培养基上数量的变化,研究再生水对草坪根部不同空间微生物种群密度的影响;对根际层LB培养基10-4稀释度平板上分离的细菌单菌落提取基因组DNA,扩增16SrDNA片段并用限制性内切酶HinfⅠ对PCR产物进行扩增rDNA限制性分析(ARDRA),并采用综合多样性指数(H′),丰富度指数(R₂)和均匀性指数(E1)等指标评价再生水灌溉对根际微生物多样性的影响.结果表明,与对照相比,再生水草坪灌溉有利于草坪草根际微生物数量的增加,尤其是有利于芽孢杆菌的增加,但对根系及非根系层微生物无显著影响.再生水灌溉使得微生物群落结构及多样性发生相应变化.这种变化体现为优势类群及亚优势类群多度增加,对再生水敏感的非优势类群失去原有的地位,另外一部分偶见类群出现或消失,群落多样性最终增加.     

污泥堆肥草坪基质利用对草坪生长及土壤和水环境的影响

利用污泥堆肥和土壤按不同体积比例混合(污泥堆肥添加比例分别为0%、10%、25%、50%、75%和100%)作为草坪基质进行马尼拉草坪盆栽试验,分析污泥堆肥草坪基质利用对草坪生长及土壤和水环境的影响.结果表明,马尼拉的生长势随草坪基质中污泥堆肥添加比例的提高而增强;马尼拉的植物Hg含量与草坪基质的Hg含量存在较高相关性;草坪基质的Cr、Cd、Hg含量随污泥堆肥添加比例的提高而显著提高,但均未超过土壤三级标准;各处理淋溶液和草坪基质的重金属和氮含量存在较高相关性,本试验中当污泥堆肥添加比例达到50%以上时,淋溶液将出现Cd和硝酸盐浓度超标现象.     

Evaluating the “Catch‐Can” Test for Measuring Lawn Sprinkler Application Rates1

Abstract: The effectiveness of measuring lawn sprinkler application rates using the catch‐can test was evaluated. A survey of sources recommending the catch‐can test for measuring application rates show that catch‐can test procedures differ in the collector type, collector placement, number of collectors, and test duration. Analyses of catch‐can tests were performed to address these procedural differences, with emphasis on the type and number of collectors required to provide a reasonable level of confidence in test results. The accuracy of the catch‐can test generally improves as the number of randomly placed collectors increases. In order to achieve an accuracy of ±25% for 90 out of 100 catch‐can tests, the number of randomly placed collectors required ranged from 6 to over 50 for hand‐move systems, while for in‐ground systems, the number of randomly placed collectors required ranged from 2 to 8, depending on the pressure and percent overlap of the water distribution pattern. As long as a reasonable number of collectors were used when performing a catch‐can test, no consistent differences were observed in catch‐can test results due to type of collectors when using tuna fish cans, soup cans, or coffee mugs.     

浅谈冷季型观赏草坪在秦皇岛地区的主要危害及防治

针对冷季型观赏草坪在秦皇岛地区常见的疾病、虫害、杂草及其它危害,对草坪常见的六种病害:褐斑病(Brown spot)、萎蔫病(Bacterial wilt)、腐烂病(Pythium blight)、白粉病(Powdery mildew)、锈病(Rust)、铜斑病(Copper spot);四种大量发生的虫害:粘虫、蛴螬、地老虎、蚂蚁;四种常见的其他危害:日烧、肥料灼伤、苔藓、伞菌和毒菌等,从发病机理、危害症状、识别特征、防治要点等四个方面进行详细阐述.     

The Ability of Urban Residential Lawns to Disconnect Impervious Area from Municipal Sewer Systems1

Abstract: Runoff from urban catchments depends largely on the amount of impervious surface and the connectivity of these surfaces to the storm sewer drainage system. In residential areas, pervious lawns can be used to help manage stormwater runoff by intercepting and infiltrating runoff from impervious surfaces. The goal of this research was to develop and evaluate a simple method for estimating the reduction in stormwater runoff that results when runoff from an impervious surface (e.g., rooftop) is directed onto a pervious surface (e.g., lawn). Fifty‐two stormwater runoff reduction tests were conducted on six residential lawns in Madison, Wisconsin during the summer of 2004. An infiltration‐loss model that requires inputs of steady‐state infiltration rate, abstraction (defined here as surface storage, vegetation interception and cumulative total infiltration minus steady‐state infiltration during the period prior to steady‐state), and inundated area was evaluated using experimental data. The most accurate results were obtained using the observed steady‐state infiltration rates and inundated areas for each test, combined with a constant abstraction for all tests [root mean squared (RMS) difference = 1.0 cm]. A second case utilized lawn‐averaged steady‐state infiltration rates, a regression estimate of inundated area based on flow‐path length, and lawn‐specific abstractions based on infiltration rate (RMS difference = 2.2 cm). In practice, infiltration rates will likely be determined using double‐ring infiltration measurements (RMS difference = 3.1 cm) or soil texture (RMS difference = 5.7 cm). A generalized form of the model is presented and used to estimate annual stormwater runoff volume reductions for Madison. Results indicate the usefulness of urban lawns as a stormwater management practice and could be used to improve urban runoff models that incorporate indirectly connected impervious areas.