浅析珠三角地区有机废气治理技术的开发应用

珠江三角洲地区大气污染最明显的特点就是臭氧浓度的升高导致大气氧化性增强,而挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)和氮氧化物是大气臭氧生成的重要前体物。珠三角地区工业体系发达,VOCs的生产及使用企业众多,由于VOCs的种类繁多,性质各异,排放条件多样,目前已经形成了一系列的VOCs废气实用治理技术。     

脱硝工艺的技术比较

对包括SCR和SNCR在内的各种脱硝技术进行了比较,分析了各种脱硝方法的使用条件和特点,同时对未来脱硝技术的发展进行了预估,得出了优先选择SCR和SNCR,并发展各种脱硝技术的结论,为脱硝技术的选择与使用提供了技术参考。     

我国工业固体废物处理利用行业2013年发展综述

综述了我国工业固体废物处理利用行业2013年的发展环境形势和发展概况;介绍了2013年国内工业固体、危险废物及生活垃圾的产生量和处理情况;阐述并分析了目前国内固体废物处理技术和设施的现状;就行业发展存在的主要问题提出了建议.     

纳米零价铁在应用中存在的问题及提高反应活性的方法

纳米零价铁对多种污染物质均有较好的去除效果,在污染的水体、土壤及底泥中被广泛研究与应用。前人对纳米零价铁的制备、在污染治理各方面的应用、作用的机理等方面进行了较为详细的总结,针对纳米零价铁在应用中存在的问题虽有提及,但少有人集中进行整理。本文主要针对纳米零价铁在环境治理方面存在的问题进行论述并对提高其反应活性的常用方法进行了总结,以期为纳米零价铁实际应用领域的深入研究提供借鉴并拓展新的思路。     

小城镇污水处理存在的问题及对策建议

从我国小城镇水污染现状出发，分析了小城镇污水处理目前存在对污水处理认识不足、缺乏相应资金支持、运行模式落后和相关政策法规不完善等问题；对小城镇污水处理发展提出了对策建议。     

Performances of mesophilic anaerobic digestion systems treating poultry mortalities

Abstract

A closed‐loop anaerobic digestion system consisting of a leachbed (LB) and an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) was tested as an alternative for the disposal of poultry mortalities. This paper compares the performances of three LB‐UASB treatment systems with different initial moisture contents in the LBs. Each LB was loaded with one chicken and 5, 10 or 18 liters of water. The LBs initially carried out the hydrolysis/acidification phase while the UASBs the methanogenesis phase. Due to repeated inoculation by the UASBs, the LBs with 10 and 18 liters of water started producing methane on day 5, while the one with 5 liters of water on day 19. However, methane production rates were low before day 40 for the LB with 10 liters of water and day 60 for the other LBs. Methane production gradually improved as the LBs continued to receive ungranulated sludge from the UASBs. The LBs eventually became balanced methane reactors. Continued balanced fermentation in the LBs resulted in leachates with very low substrate concentrations that could no longer support high‐rate methanogenesis in the UASBs. Consequently, methane production rates from the UASBs decreased quickly while that from the LBs reached peak levels. Cumulative methane production from each LB eventually exceeded that from its connecting UASB. After 118 days of digestion, 414, 437 and 470 liters of methane were produced from the three systems, respectively. Cumulative methane production from the LBs with 5 and 18 liters of water accounted for 63% of the total methane produced from their respective systems. The LB with 10 liters of water produced 75% of the total methane from that system. Methane yields ranged from 0.485 to 0.554 m³ (Kg TS) ¹. About 86% of the initial dry weight was biodegraded. All three systems performed very well with little operational problems. Overall, the system that started with 10 liters of water in the LB performed the best. Strategy for enhancing system performances and implementing farm applications are discussed.     

聚合氯化铝与三氯化铁混凝剂在常规水处理中的运用

通过聚合氯化铅与三氯化铁在常规水处理的生产性实验，从经济成本、水质指标和实际使用存在的问题对其进行分析比较，并比较了两种混凝剂在常规水处理中的优缺点。     

一种新型节能臭氧发生器

文章介绍了一种能耗低、效率高、快速生产臭氧的新装置。文中对该装置的工作原理、臭氧的生产过程、影响臭氧产率的因素以及该装置的特点等进行了简要介绍。     

Ammonium-dependent regulation of aerobic methane-consuming bacteria in landfill cover soil by leachate irrigation

The impacts of landfill leachate irrigation on methane oxidation activities and methane-consuming bacteria populations were studied by incubation of landfill cover soils with leachate and (NH₄)₂SO₄ solution at different ammonium concentrations. The community structures and abundances of methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were examined by PCRDGGE and real-time PCR. Compared with the pure (NH₄)₂SO₄ solution, leachate addition was found to have a positive effect on methane oxidation activity. In terms of the irrigation amount, ammonium in leachate was responsible for the actual inhibition of leachate. The extent of inhibitory effect mainly depended on its ammonium concentration. The suppression of the predominant methaneconsuming bacteria, type I MOB, was responsible for the decreased methane oxidation activity by ammonium inhibition. Methaneconsuming bacteria responded diversely in abundance to ammonium. The abundance of type I MOB decreased by fivefold; type II MOB showed stimulation response of fivefold magnification upon the first addition but lessened to be lower than the original level after the second addition; the amount of AOB was stimulated to increase for 20-30 times gradually. Accumulated nitrate from nitrification strengthened the ammonium inhibition on type I and type II MOB, as a result, repetitive irrigation was unfavorable for methane oxidation.     

新型钢渣水处理剂去除水体污染物的研究现状

钢渣是炼钢生产过程中产生的固体废弃物,具有较高的碱度、机械强度和比表面积。钢渣化学成份较复杂,直接排放会对环境造成严重的污染,加强钢渣的处置及综合利用具有重大意义。作为一种新型的水处理剂,钢渣用于去除水体污染物不仅减少了水体、土壤等生态环境的污染,而且达到了以废治废的目的。文章分析了钢渣水处理剂去除水体污染物的作用机理,认为钢渣水处理剂对水体中污染物的去除主要通过吸附和沉淀两种作用,而还原作用和离子交换作用相对较小。阐述了钢渣水处理剂处理重金属废水、有机废水和无机废水的研究现状,提出了在开发液态钢渣新型处理工艺的基础上,实现钢渣水处理剂的应用。