大气环境影响评价工作等级划分技术方法探讨

基于HJ2.2-2008《环境影响评价技术导则——大气环境》有关规定,结合大气环评实践案例,对大气环境影响评价工作等级划分技术方法进行深入、系统地研究与探讨,提出等级划分原则性技术要点,进一步探讨了评价工作等级划分方法在环评中的理解和执行的具体问题及解决方案,对做好大气环境影响评价工作具有重要的指导意义。     

航空装备研制风险的综合赋权-双基点法评估

为实现对航空预研项目技术风险的定量评估,建立技术风险评价指标体系,建立基于综合赋权和双基点方法的综合评估模型,采用层次分析法(AHP)求得主观权重,熵值赋权法求得客观权重,运用线性规划方法求得对2类权重加权的权值,构造综合权重;使用正负理想点间的投影距离代替传统的相对欧式距离对TOPSIS方法进行改进;实例分析中,通过对某航空预研项目5种不同的方案进行风险评估,得出各方案的优劣度,选出了较为优化的技术方案,该方法可用于指导其他装备研制风险的评估。     

双碱法脱硫工艺改进及脱硫塔设计分析

改进优化传统双碱法烟气脱硫工艺,对脱硫塔及附属设施设计要点进行分析,在山西某化工厂2×55t/h三废炉烟气脱硫工程中得到较好运用,为同类烟气脱硫工程提供参考。     

Tipping Elements in the Arctic Marine Ecosystem

The Arctic marine ecosystem contains multiple elements that present alternative states. The most obvious of which is an Arctic Ocean largely covered by an ice sheet in summer versus one largely devoid of such cover. Ecosystems under pressure typically shift between such alternative states in an abrupt, rather than smooth manner, with the level of forcing required for shifting this status termed threshold or tipping point. Loss of Arctic ice due to anthropogenic climate change is accelerating, with the extent of Arctic sea ice displaying increased variance at present, a leading indicator of the proximity of a possible tipping point. Reduced ice extent is expected, in turn, to trigger a number of additional tipping elements, physical, chemical, and biological, in motion, with potentially large impacts on the Arctic marine ecosystem.     

浅议日本的自来水水价

介绍日本不同城市的两部分水费制的具体实施和“负担公平化和经营稳定化”宗旨以及供水行业支出费用的组成.日本的市民每个月的自来水水费支出数额占整个生活消费总数的比例呈缓慢上升趋势,随着水价逐年缓慢增长.日本的水价和水费管理模式以及上海最新提出的三级梯度水价规划方案值得借鉴与参考.     

A national critical loads framework for atmospheric deposition effects assessment: II. Defining assessment end points,indicators, and functional subregions

The United States Environmental Protection Agency, with support from the US Department of Energy and the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, has been evaluating the feasibility of an effects-based (critical loads) approach to atmospheric pollutant regulation and abatement. The rationale used to develop three of the six steps in a flexible assessment framework (Strickland and others, 1992) is presented along with a discussion of a variety of implementation approaches and their ramifications. The rationale proposes that it is necessary to provide an explicit statement of the condition of the resource that is considered valuable (assessment end point) because: (1) individual ecosystem components may be more or less sensitive to deposition, (2) it is necessary to select indicators of ecosystem condition that can be objectively measured and that reflect changes in the quality of the assessment end point, and (3) acceptable status (i.e., value of indicator and quality of assessment end point at critical load) must be defined. The rationale also stresses the importance of defining the assessment regions and subregions to improve the analysis and understanding of the indicator response to deposition. Subregional definition can be based on a variety of criteria, including informed judgment or quantitative procedures. It also depends on the geographic scale at which exposure and effects models are accurate and on data availability, resolution, and quality. The research described in this article has been funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency. This document has been prepared at the EPA Environmental Research Laboratory in Corvallis, Oregon, through contract #68-C8-0006 with ManTech Environmental Technology, Inc., and Interagency Agreement #1824-B014-A7 with the US Department of Energy and at Oak Ridge National Laboratory managed by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., under Contract DE-AC05-84OR21400 with the US Department of Energy. Environmental Sciences Division Publication No. 3903. It has been subjected to the agency’s peer and administrative review and approved for publication. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.     

金华市奶牛基地的资源利用问题研究

本文论述了奶牛基地发展与红黄壤资源开发利用之间的内在联系。在分析奶牛基地农业资源利用现状基础上,运用灰色系统理论和多元统计的系统聚类分析方法,对影响奶牛基地发展的因素及区域发展对策作了定量分析,并预测奶牛基地发展趋势,提出奶牛生产不同区域的红黄壤资源开发利用的重点,这为合理开发利用红黄壤资源种草养奶牛提供理论和实际参考依据。     

谈"动态对等"的缺陷

美国著名翻译理论家Nida提出的"动态对等"原则是对翻译理论界的一大贡献.笔者在承认这个原则的同时,从它概念的几个关键词入手,指出这个概念中几个值得商榷的地方,认为它的理论基础不牢靠,并分析了它所忽视的翻译所涉及的几个要素,由此表明,翻译这种涉及到许多因素的复杂活动不能依靠一种理论来指导.     

扑救森林火灾时的注意事项

总结分析了在林火扑救中指挥员应掌握了解的基本情况及扑火队员应注意的事项。     

燃煤发电厂粉尘危害及防治对策

粉尘是燃煤发电厂重点防治的职业病危害因素。以某燃煤发电厂2×330MW机组为例,调查和分析了燃煤发电厂中粉尘的种类、分布及防护设施,并对该燃煤电厂主要工种和作业场所粉尘浓度情况进行了检测、分析和讨论,提出皮带巡检工、灰库巡检工是燃煤电厂粉尘危害重点防护对象,而输煤皮带转载点、破碎机以及灰库卸灰操作位现场粉尘浓度超标严重,是燃煤发电厂粉尘危害防治的重点工作场所。在对该燃煤电厂粉尘浓度超标原因分析的基础上,从工程防护和管理等方面提出了燃煤发电厂粉尘危害相应的防治措施,为燃煤电厂粉尘危害防治提供参考和依据。