水平流人工快速渗滤系统对岩源性磷拦截效果研究

选取沸石,陶粒,无烟煤及其组合作为水平流人工快速渗滤系统的填料,进行不同进水水质和水力负荷下对岩源性磷拦截效果的研究。结果表明:相同运行条件下,单一填料沸石对悬浮颗粒物和岩源性磷的去除效果最好,平均值分别达到了90.47%、39.91%;组合填料的运行稳定性更好,且水力负荷为0.2 cm/s时效果最好,最高可达82.85%和46.18%;长期的运行模拟中发现系统的堵塞现象,在实际应用中要充分考虑填料的更换和再生的可操作性,保证系统运行的稳定高效。     

三高气田钻完井重大事故现场监测数据采集管理系统的设计与实现

把信息化技术用于油气田安全领域,用采集的现场数据评估安全生产环境,实现油气田安全信息化是近年来的新课题。为了有效地监测和预防油三高气田（高含硫、高产量、高压力）井喷事故造成的灾害,讨论了基于网络架构的重大事故现场监测数据采集管理系统软件的研究与设计,包括气象数据,传感器数据,监测设备GPS数据与视频信息的实时采集、处理、分析与显示,并且分段说明了该系统各部分的设计和实现的重点.该系统具有友好的人机界面,并且引入了流媒体技术、无线传感器技术等多种先进技术,能够最大程度地得到全面的表征油气田安全的数据与信息;该系统已经在研究实例龙岗油气田的实验中证明了具有安全生产方面的现实意义。     

Evaporative Cooling of Water in a Small Vessel Under Varying Ambient Humidity

Evaporative cooling of water in a small porous clay vessel was studied under controlled humidity conditions. In steady-state experiments performed at an ambient temperature of 23 °C, the cooling effect increased from 4.7 to 8.3 °C as the ambient relative humidity decreased from 60 to 15%. External heat and mass transfer coefficients, estimated from the steady-state measurements, were used in mathematical models to predict the experimentally observed transient temperature variation of the water under ramp changes of the ambient relative humidity. With a prototypical cool chamber containing water tested in Kolkata, India under an ambient temperature of 34.5–35 °C, the cooling effect reached a maximum of 7 °C between 3 and 3:30 PM and then declined to 4.5 °C around 6 PM.     

Filtration Properties of Nonwovens

Abstract

This paper presents the results and conclusions from experimental investigations concerning filtration properties of nonwovens. The needled nonwovens were made from polyester fibres (PTE) with average fibre diameter 12 µm and polypropylene fibres (PP) with average fibre diameter 32 μm. Nonwovens were produced out of each of those fibres or out of a mixture of polyester and polypropylene fibres. This paper also presents investigations of nonwoven fabric made of polypropylene fibres (PP) with average fibre diameter 2.6 μm, which was formed according to melt-blown technology. Oil mist, as challenge aerosol, was used to evaluate the performance of filter media at various aerosol velocities. The average oil mist test aerosol particle diameter was 0.3 μm. Filter penetration was measured at oil mist concentration 0.24 g/m³.     

Imagining the Future at the Global and National Scale: A Comparative Study of British and Dutch Press Coverage of Rio 1992 and Rio 2012

Climate change and imagined futures are intricately linked, discussed by policy-makers and reported in the media. In this article we focus on the construction of future expectations in the press coverage of the 1992 and 2012 United Nations conferences in Rio de Janeiro in British and Dutch national newspapers. We use a novel combination of methods, semantic co-word networks and metaphor analysis, to study imagined futures. Our findings show that between 1992 and 2012 there was an overall shift from future-oriented hope to past-oriented disappointment regarding implementing international agreements on climate change policy, but with subtle and interesting differences between the UK and The Netherlands. Certain national differences seem to be stable over time and are indicative of rather dissimilar policy cultures in two nations which are geographically quite close.     

The Influence of Media Use on Environmental Engagement: A Political Socialization Approach

Current research suggests that the media play an important part in informing and engaging citizens in environmental issues. Building on these findings, this study adopts a political socialization approach to citizens' involvement in everyday-life pro-environmental behavior. Multivariate analysis of recent survey data from Swedish adolescents (N = 1148) demonstrates direct as well as indirect relationships between frequency of news media use, talk about environmental issues with parents and peers, and extent of pro-environmental behavior. The findings are consistent with the notion that news media use promotes behavior by raising awareness of environmental issues. The results are also discussed in terms of a citizen-communication framework according to which interpersonal communication translates environmental information gleaned from news sources to adolescents' everyday-life reality, thereby motivating pro-environmental behavior. Future directions for examining causal mechanisms in more detail are discussed.     

浅谈社会转型期加强和改进政治权力制约问题

本文从社会转型期容易产生腐败问题为切入点,分析了加强和改进政治权力制约的必要性,并根据我国的实际情况,提出了为治理和减少腐败而加强和改进对政治权力制约的对策和办法。     

宝钢电厂3号火电机组电除尘系统改造

结合工程实例,从除尘器入口烟气降温、除尘器设备本体、引风机三个方面提出了大型钢铁企业火电机组电除尘系统的改造思路,根据对改造后近两年多运行情况的调研,以实际效果验证了改造的成功,为大型钢铁企业类似自备火电机组的电除尘系统改造提供了借鉴。     

小球藻来源溶解有机质的光化学降解特性

利用三维荧光光谱-平行因子分析(EEM-PARAFAC)手段结合吸收光谱分析,研究了小球藻指数期和稳定期培养液中溶解有机物(DOM)在秋季天然太阳辐射作用下的光降解动力学特征.结果表明,小球藻生长过程中除能产生短波激发类腐殖质组分C1(其荧光峰的激发/发射波长位置为240,335 nm /406 nm)及类蛋白质组分C3(225,275 nm/334 nm)外,还会形成长波激发类腐殖质组分C2(260,395 nm /502 nm),表明C2组分并非仅有传统认为的陆源属性,同时也具有自生源属性.稳定期培养液的吸收光谱在250~300 nm范围内出现的肩峰,可用于指示水环境中现场自生源的贡献.不同生长时期培养液中DOM的吸收系数和荧光组分的降解动力学都符合一级反应方程.稳定期类腐殖质荧光组分(C1和C2)的光降解程度略高于指数期,但指数期类色氨酸组分(C3)的光降解程度略高于稳定期.经太阳辐照6 d后,小球藻培养液的吸收系数a₃₅₀及各荧光组分的平均损失率分别达到83.0%、84.0%、64.8%和80.0%,对应的半衰期只有1.6~5.0 d,揭示出藻类自生来源的DOM具有很强的光化学降解活性.     

道路绿化带对街道峡谷内污染物扩散的影响研究

研究了道路绿化带对街道峡谷内流场与机动车尾气扩散的影响特征.假设绿化带树冠为均匀多孔介质,采用压力损失系数表征树冠对空气流动的阻碍作用,建立可用于数值模拟的绿化带多孔介质物理模型.采用稳态k-ε湍流模型结合组分输运方程模拟道路中央有绿化带街道峡谷内的尾气扩散过程,模拟结果与风洞试验数据对比吻合较好.分析发现,有绿化带街道峡谷内存在一个围绕树冠的顺时针旋涡,旋涡中心略偏向右上方,背风面污染物浓度显著增大,较无绿化带的污染物平均浓度增长46.0%.进一步模拟了不同绿化带树冠高度情况下街道峡谷内流场与浓度场,发现随着树冠位置的上升,峡谷内流场旋涡中心逐步上移且偏向迎风建筑物,峡谷内整体气流速度下降,污染物浓度逐步升高,树冠底部高度为8 m时其污染物浓度可达4 m时的2倍多;尤其是当树冠顶部超过屋顶高度时,峡谷内污染物总体浓度增长迅速.