烷烃降解菌的筛选、鉴定及优势菌株的降解特性

以正庚烷为唯一碳源,从长期受到石油污染的土壤中筛选获得可利用正庚烷的微生物14株.通过形态观察和16S rDNA序列比对,鉴定G2、G9、G14为红球菌属,G3、G27为人苍白杆菌属,G4、G7为芽孢杆菌属,G5、G10、G15、G25为节杆菌属,G16为缺陷短波单胞菌,G17、G22为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌属.通过考察其降解烷烃的能力,确定Rhodococcus sp.G2为烷烃降解优势菌株.该菌株可代谢庚烷获得最大菌体浓度D600 nm=7.51.同时该菌对不同碳链长度的烷烃,如十二烷、十六烷、煤油和二甲苯均具有较强的降解能力,以十二烷为碳源的最大比生长速率为0.37 h-1,最高菌体浓度为D600 nm=12.00,在正十六烷中生长,最大比生长速率为0.23 h-1,在煤油中生长,最大比生长速率为0.14 h-1,在以二甲苯为唯一碳源时,D600 nm也可达到1.00左右.研究表明该菌株对于石油污染土壤的生物修复有很大的应用前景.图6表2参9     

形状在边坡稳定安全论证中的影响分析

将边坡结构简化成二维模型进行计算分析时,边坡形状对其简化结果产生影响,为此从边坡的平面形状和边坡高度2个方面着手,用三维数值模拟对边坡稳定性进行分析,计算结果表明:坡顶曲线半径对边坡稳定性影响较大。在进行边坡稳定性分析时,应首先根据坡顶曲线半径大小界定是否可以将边坡简化为二维模型。     

防冲吸能构件应变特性及巷道支架应用研究*

为明确防冲吸能支护的力学特性及其应用效果,基于竖向准静态压缩试验研究防冲吸能构件的荷载位移曲线,采用ABAQUS模拟防冲吸能构件的变形压溃过程,并与试验结果进行对比,对变形过程中构件管壁的应变演化进行分析,进而研究吸能支架在冲击作用下的应变特性。研究结果表明:数值计算可以较好地对防冲吸能构件的变形吸能过程和荷载位移曲线进行模拟;采用该构件的液压支架能够满足防冲吸能支护的设计理念和原则;对吸能支架吸能特性研究,防冲吸能构件能够在冲击来临时更好地保护支架,研究成果可为冲击地压巷道支护体系提供设计参考。     

橡胶粉混凝土动力抗压性能试验研究

采用分离式Hopkinson压杆，对直径为70mm的橡胶粉混凝土圆柱体试件进行了动力抗压性能试验，得到了不同应变率下混凝土的应力应变曲线和韧性指数，并与静态抗压强度进行了对比。根据试验结果，讨论了橡胶粉不同粒径、不同掺量和3种橡胶粉级配情况下混凝土的动力抗压性能。总结了橡胶粉混凝土的应变率效应，以及影响橡胶粉混凝土动力抗压性能的因素。     

碘普罗胺降解菌Pseudomonas sp. I-24共代谢降解性能研究

菌株Pseudomonas sp.I-24(I-24)难以利用碘普罗胺(IOP)作为唯一的碳源和能源进行生长和代谢,因此本研究选用淀粉、麦芽糖、葡萄糖和甘油作为I-24共代谢IOP的外加碳源,考察了在摇瓶实验中,不同外加碳源对I-24生长及降解IOP的影响.结果表明,I-24共代谢IOP符合一级反应动力学特征,淀粉对共代谢过程的促进作用最为显著,IOP的五日降解率可达到92.7%,I-24的IOP降解酶活力在培养第3 d达到最高0.182 mU,淀粉投加的最佳浓度为1 g·L-1,然而葡萄糖和麦芽糖分别对I-24的生长和电子传递系统活性(ETSA)有着最佳促进作用,表明降解菌生长过快将导致竞争性抑制,降低IOP降解率,同时ETSA与共代谢作用无直接关联.此外,从空白样表现出的酶活力得出IOP降解酶即使在低基质条件下同样可被诱导产生.     

Numerical modelling of electrohydraulic free-forming and die-forming of DP590 steel

Electrohydraulic forming (EHF) is a high energy rate forming process in which the strain rate in the sheet metal can vary from 5 × 10² to 10⁵ s⁻¹ depending on various factors. Several mechanisms have been reported to cause an improvement in formability in EHF such as material deformation mechanisms, inertial effects and the dynamic impact of the sheet against the die. EHF is a complex high speed forming process and experimental work alone is not sufficient to properly understand this process. To understand the variation of some influential variables in EHF, electrohydraulic die-forming (EHDF) and free-forming (EHFF) of DP590 dual phase steel were simulated in ABAQUS/Explicit by considering the fluid/structure interactions. Three-dimensional finite element simulations were conducted by modelling the water with Eulerian elements with a view to investigating the effect of released energy on the sheet deformation profile history, strain distribution, loading path and damage accumulation type. The Johnson–Cook constitutive material model was used to predict the sheet behaviour and the parameters in this model were calibrated based on experimental test results available for DP590 at various strain rates. The Johnson–Cook phenomenological damage model was also used to predict the ductile failure (damage accumulation) in both EHDF and EHFF. Predicted final strain values and damage accumulation type showed good agreement with the experimental observations.     

Dimpling process in cold roll metal forming by finite element modelling and experimental validation

The dimpling process is a novel cold-roll forming process that involves dimpling of a rolled flat strip prior to the roll forming operation. This is a process undertaken to enhance the material properties and subsequent products’ structural performance while maintaining a minimum strip thickness. In order to understand the complex and interrelated nonlinear changes in contact, geometry and material properties that occur in the process, it is necessary to accurately simulate the process and validate through physical tests. In this paper, 3D non-linear finite element analysis was employed to simulate the dimpling process and mechanical testing of the subsequent dimpled sheets, in which the dimple geometry and material properties data were directly transferred from the dimpling process. Physical measurements, tensile and bending tests on dimpled sheet steel were conducted to evaluate the simulation results. Simulation of the dimpling process identified the amount of non-uniform plastic strain introduced and the manner in which this was distributed through the sheet. The plastic strain resulted in strain hardening which could correlate to the increase in the strength of the dimpled steel when compared to plain steel originating from the same coil material. A parametric study revealed that the amount of plastic strain depends upon on the process parameters such as friction and overlapping gap between the two forming rolls. The results derived from simulations of the tensile and bending tests were in good agreement with the experimental ones. The validation indicates that the finite element analysis was able to successfully simulate the dimpling process and mechanical properties of the subsequent dimpled steel products.     

动载下高密度全尾砂胶结充填体稳定性试验研究

为研究动载下高密度全尾砂胶结充填体(HTB)的稳定性,制备直径为50 mm×25 mm的HTB试件,进行静态单轴压缩试验。首次采用分离式霍普金森杆(SHPB)装置研究HTB的动态力学性质,通过观察冲击试验后试件的破坏程度,来评判高应变率下试件的稳定性。结果表明:HTB试件波阻抗较小,对弹性应力波传播有较强的阻尼作用;在冲击载荷下,试件最大应变率可达305 s-1,动态抗压强度随着应变率的增加而增大,最大动态抗压强度为17 MPa;HTB试件的稳定性与应变率密切相关,当应变率低于10 s-1时,试件稳定性较好;当应变率为10~39 s-1时,试件产生一定的损伤裂纹,但尚有一定的残余强度;当应变率大于39 s-1时,试件完全失稳。     

煤岩水力压裂过程中钻孔应变发展特征的试验研究

为研究水力压裂过程中钻孔应变发展的特征,在不同应力条件下开展了钻孔水力压裂试验,测试分析了钻孔压裂段孔壁变形的规律.结果表明:在水压作用下,压裂段孔壁应变较为明显,存在拉伸和压缩2种类型,根据与水压的对应关系,2种应变曲线可分为4个发展阶段,即压裂管路排气阶段(应变小幅波动)、水压上升阶段(应变快速增加)、起裂延伸阶段(应变缓慢变化)和闭合阶段(应变急剧降低),其中压裂管路排气阶段对压缩应变的影响较小;拉伸应变的残余变形明显大于压缩变形,但压缩应变曲线与水压变化存在较好的一致性;孔壁应变是孔壁在水压作用下裂缝形成和扩展过程的表现.     

Numerical investigation into dynamic responses of RC columns subjected for fire and blast

Structures may be exposed to fire and blast due to accidents (i.e. explosion of flammable gas in industrial structures) or terrorist attacks during the service life. Performances of RC structures subjected to extreme conditions of fire and blast, thus, have drawn much attention from academia. In this paper, the coupling effect of high temperature and high strain rate in concrete was firstly studied based on the experimental data to improve the damage plasticity concrete model in ABAQUS. Secondly, the transient heat transfer effects in different fire scenarios and following fire resistances of RC columns with constant axial forces were numerically investigated on the basis of the improved concrete model, which are validated by the corresponding test data, and the residual axial loading capacity of RC columns was quantitatively calculated. By incorporating the different merits of implicit algorithm applied to heat transfer analyses and explicit algorithm usually used in blast analyses, a numerical approach to analyze the responses of RC columns subjected to the coupling loadings of fire and blast was finally developed. Mid-span displacements and damage of the RC columns subjected to fire and explosions were quantitatively calculated and discussed. The proposed approach was demonstrated to be effective in predicting the responses of RC structures subjected to coupling loadings of fire and blast.