微囊化生物流化床降解对氯甲苯的性能优化

在生物流化床中接入微囊化菌株ycsd01,形成微囊化生物流化床。分别考察装液量、水力停留时间(HRT)、微胶囊接种量、对氯甲苯初始浓度、降解温度和降解pH值对流化床降解对氯甲苯的影响,用响应面法进一步获得了微囊化生物流化床处理对氯甲苯的最佳工艺条件。含菌微胶囊降解对氯甲苯的适宜条件为:装液量为10 L,HRT为72 h,微胶囊接种量为10%~15%,对氯甲苯初始浓度为120 mg/L,降解温度为30~35℃,降解pH值为7.0。响应面优化所得的最佳工艺条件为:pH=7.1,对氯甲苯初始浓度120.36 mg/L和微胶囊接种量11.24%,预测对氯甲苯的降解率达85.32%。     

The role of hindrance stressors in the job demand–control–support model of occupational stress: A proposed theory revision

Previous research on the job demand–control–support (JDCS) model of occupational stress has generally been inconsistent at best regarding a key issue: the interaction of demands, control, and support in predicting employee health and well‐being. However, the model continues to be tested in a variety of studies and academic journals owing to its intuitive appeal. By incorporating conservation of resources theory with knowledge from the challenge–hindrance stressor framework, we proposed that hindrance stressors, not the challenge stressors commonly assessed when testing JDCS theory, will provide validation for the model. A two‐wave panel study of 228 employees in a variety of occupations provided support for three‐way interactions between hindrance demands, control, and support predicting job‐related anxiety and physical symptoms. Three‐way interactions using a challenge demand (forms of workload) were not significant, consistent with our propositions. In summary, this study supports the buffering effect of control and support on the relationship between job demands and strain only when job demands reflect hindrance stressors, thereby proposing to alter the JDCS model by specifying that it applies primarily to hindrance stressors in a job hindrance–control–support model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Evaluation of a new ballistic vest design for compliance with Standard No. PN-V-87000:2011 using physiological tests

Research into newly developed ballistic vests to be worn by police officers under clothing was carried out with air temperature conditions of +20 °C. A ballistic vest should incorporate protective features, comfort and ergonomics. The thermal strain on users who wore the vests was evaluated as an average and individually, after they had been conditioned in high (+50 °C), low (?40 °C) or neutral (+20 °C) air temperatures, while performing various occupational activities. Research involved six police officers aged 36–42 years, who wore civilian clothing used in moderate environmental conditions. During the tests, physiological parameters (internal temperature, local skin temperatures and amount of sweat secreted) were determined. The ease of doing exercises while wearing the vests, vest service and level of discomfort in use were assessed. Research showed that the vests tested, both as an average and individually, meet the requirements of Standard No. PN-V-87000:2011 (clause 4.5).     

Methyl-β-cyclodextrin enhanced biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and associated microbial activity in contaminated soil

The contamination of soils by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a widespread environmental problem and the remediation of PAHs from these areas has been a major concern.The effectiveness of ma...     

PCB77降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

从污染土样中分离出一株多氯联苯(PCBs)降解菌,利用细菌通用引物扩增降解菌的16S rDNA,得到~1 500 bp的片段。经纯化,测序后在Genbank上进行同源性比较分析及系统发育树构建,初步鉴定该菌株为Pseudomonas sp,并用其对PCB77进行降解研究。研究结果表明,该菌株在培养2 d后达到对数生长期,当培养温度为30℃、培养基pH值为7.0、微生物接种量为109cfu/mL、PCB77初始浓度为1.0 mg/L时,微生物对PCB77的降解率为58.63%。微生物对PCB77降解的最适条件为:培养基pH值为7.0、微生物接种量为2×109cfu/mL、外加蔗糖浓度为2.0 g/L、PCB77初始浓度为0.5 mg/L。     

用小波方法识别并提取通河体应变震前异常

基于小波变换理论可以识别、清除数字化资料干扰。本文利用小波方法对通河体应变2006年以来资料进行分析,并结合黑龙江及邻区4.0级以上地震震例资料探讨该方法对于提取体应变数据的震前异常信息的有效性,结果表明在一些地震前2～5个月,体应变都接收到了周期10～30天左右的异常信号,该方法能有效地提取震前异常。     

产脲酶菌株Sporosarcina ureilytica ML-2诱导方解石沉淀矿化Pb（II）、Cd（II）和Cr（VI）研究

微生物诱导方解石沉淀（MICP）作为一种新兴的重金属生物治理技术已逐渐成为研究热点.基于脲酶作为MICP反应的核心驱动力,本研究筛选获得1株拥有致密胞外聚合物,且产脲酶活性和菌体Zeta电位强于产脲酶代表性菌株Sporosarcina pasteurii的MICP功能菌株Sporosarcina ureilytica ML-2.在生物矿化50 mg·L^-1 Pb（II）、Cd（II）和Cr（VI）离子实验中,Cd（II）较Pb（II）和Cr（VI）对菌株ML-2产脲酶代谢活性存在显著性抑制（p<0.01）,实验组仅24 h和48 h即可去除全部的Pb（II）和Cd（II）,而96 h时仅能去除约12.14%的Cr（VI）.生物沉淀SEM形貌显示不同类型重金属可通过影响生物矿化过程无机晶体成核生长方向,从而改变沉淀形貌;EDS表征证实菌株ML-2可通过诱导方解石沉淀有效固定Pb（II）和Cd（II）,而对Cr（VI）无法实现有效固定;FTIR表征则证实羧基、羟基、胺基和烷基等功能基团共同参与重金属的矿化固定.结合天然方解石吸附初始浓度为200 mg·L^-1的Pb（II）、Cd（II）和Cr（VI）离子实验及对应沉淀的XRD图谱,再一次证实Pb（II）以方解石钙位点替代形式被矿化成白铅矿（PbCO₃）,Cd（II）的目标矿化产物菱镉矿（CdCO₃）可能因质量分数过低等原因虽未被检出,但依然实现了高效固定,并再次确认MICP无法有效固定Cr（VI）.最后,MICP矿化固定Pb（II）和Cd（II）污染的过程模型被构建,将为后续的扩大应用提供理论指导.     

基于应变模态方法的飞机蒙皮分布动载荷识别

目的解决飞机蒙皮分布动态载荷确定的工程实际问题。方法将基于广义正交多项式的复杂分布动载荷识别技术与应变模态理论相结合,建立利用有限个测点的应变响应和结构应变频响函数作为已知参数的飞机蒙皮分布动载荷识别模型。利用Nastran软件,以某型飞机机身中段外蒙皮为例,分别采用位移模态方法和应变模态方法进行了70、80、90、100 Hz下的蒙皮分布动载荷识别,并进行对比分析。结果以应变响应作为已知参数的应变模态载荷识别方法,在各计算频率下均具有较好的识别精度,最大识别误差为8.9%,能够满足工程应用。在各识别频率下,采用应变方法识别过程中的积分矩阵条件数小于位移方法。在100 Hz识别频率下增加3%随机误差干扰后,位移识别方法最大误差为19.4%,采用应变方法的载荷识别最大误差为9.8%。结论相比于传统的采用位移模态的载荷识别方法,以应变响应作为已知参数的应变模态载荷识别方法具有更好的数值稳定性,对于解决结构共振频率附近频响函数矩阵奇异性问题具有很好的应用价值。     

一株纤维素分解茵利用枳实废渣产酶条件的研究

以枳实废渣为碳源，对产纤维素酶G2茵进行固体发酵，通过测定FPA、CMC、C1酶活的大小，对其产酶条件进行优化研究。结果表明产酶最适条件为：枳实在发酵前需进行酸处理；氮源为硫酸铵；含水率为70％；初始pH为5～6；发酵周期为6天。在以上最适条件下，G2菌酶活力为FPA：31．8IU／ml，CMC：11．86IU／ml，C1：15．79IU／ml。     

Isolation and characterization of a bacterial strain that efficiently degrades sex steroid hormones

A bacterial strain, ZY3, growing on sex steroid hormones as the sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from the sewage treatment plant of a prophylactic steroids factory. ZY3 degrades the 3-methoxy-17β-hydroxy-1,3,5(10),8(9)-δ-4-estren (MHE). This strain was preliminarily identified as Raoultella sp. ZY3 according to its morphology and its 16S rRNA gene sequence. During the experimental period (72 h), the optimum temperature, pH and 3-MHE concentration for the degradation of hydride by the strain ZY3 were 35°C, 10 and 10 mg/L, respectively. The degradation rate of the sex steroid hormones increased to 87% and 85% after the addition of maltose and peptone, respectively. Translated from China Environmental Science, 2005, 25(5): 585–588 [译自: 中国环境科学]