湿法烟气脱硫系统中氧化态汞的还原和影响机制综述

利用湿法脱硫系统协同脱除二价汞是当前燃煤烟气脱汞的重要方法。然而脱硫系统是一个还原系统,吸收进入脱硫浆液中的二价汞会发生再次还原,显著降低汞的脱除效率。就脱硫浆液中二价汞的还原问题,详细阐述了当前研究者在液相二价汞的还原机制、液相离子、气相条件和操作条件等对二价汞还原的影响方面的研究进展。     

密闭空间内可燃液体蒸气爆炸强度研究

采用20 L球燃爆实验装置,研究分析了油气浓度、点燃延迟时间的变化对油气环境的爆炸影响因素及变化规律。研究表明,随着油气浓度的增加,油气最大爆炸压力呈现先上升后下降的趋势,点燃延时影响油气-空气混合物爆炸强度,超过一定时间后爆炸猛烈程度降低。     

功能化层状复合材料的制备及其电催化性能

目的制备一种新型功能化离子液体修饰层状复合材料,研究其对L-酪氨酸(L-Tyr)的电催化氧化行为。方法通过静电自组装方式将氮氧自由基功能化离子液体(TEMPO-IL)与钙铌酸钾(KCa_2Nb_3O_(10))进行复合,并运用XRD,FTIR,SEM,HRTEM等测试手段对所作材料的微观形貌和结构进行分析表征。另外,将其作为电极修饰剂修饰于电极表面通过电化学工作站测试其电化学性质。结果该修饰电极对于电催化氧化L-Tyr有着较高的电化学活性。同时实验还表明,当L-Tyr的浓度在1×10~(-4)~1.16×10~(-2) mol/L之间时,峰电流值与L-Tyr浓度呈良好的线性相关,检测下限为6.2×10~(-5) mol/L(信噪比为3)。结论静电自组装是一种能够快捷、高效的制备层状复合材料方法,且得到的复合材料显示出在生物传感器方面的应用前景。     

测土配方施肥对湖北省N2O减排的贡献

为弄清测土配方施肥项目实施后对氧化亚氮(N_2O)排放产生的影响及其带来的经济效益.本研究通过比较传统施肥和测土配方推荐施肥的农田氮(N)投入量,依据《2006年IPCC国家温室气体清单指南》方法,分别估算了农田N_2O的直接排放和间接排放.结果表明,测土配方施肥项目从2004年开始实施至2013年的10年时间里,共减少氮肥的施用量74.39×104t(折纯N),作物产量增加1898.05×104t;10年里共减少N_2O排放总量为2.24×104t,其中由氮肥施用量减少带来的N_2O减排量为1.57×104t,作物产量提高带来的N_2O减排量为0.67×104t;湖北省不同区域的N_2O减排量与该地区项目实施面积密切相关,项目实施10年来襄阳市N_2O减排总量最大,为0.31×104t,其次是荆州市,减排量为0.26×104t,神龙架林区N_2O减排总量最小,仅为0.0034×104t;不同作物对N_2O减排的贡献以玉米减排总量最大,为0.54×104t,占减排总量的24.17%,其次为水稻,减排量为0.49×104t,芝麻减排总量最小,仅0.018×104t.按照湖北省碳交易市场最新交易价格25元·t-1C来计算,湖北省实施测土配方施肥项目10年来仅N_2O减排所带来效益可达1.74亿元.测土配方施肥项目不仅在湖北省粮食增产上有重要贡献,对减少N_2O排放也有重要贡献,并带来一定的经济效益.     

The velocity of DNAPL fingering in water-saturated porous media: laboratory experiments and a mobile–immobile–zone model

Dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) are immiscible with water and can give rise to highly fingered fluid distributions when infiltrating through water-saturated porous media. In this paper, a conceptual mobile–immobile–zone (MIZ) model is presented to describe the structure of a DNAPL finger in water-saturated porous media and the velocity of finger propagation. A finger is composed of a finger body and a tip. The finger body has a mobile core and an immobile sheath. All the DNAPL within the tip of a finger is mobile. Lab experiments utilizing image analyses of a DNAPL (PCE) penetrating into water-saturated homogeneous glass beads were carried out in a two-dimensional transparent chamber. The results show that the fingers elongated almost linearly with time. The fingers did not grow laterally after the tip of the finger had passed. The average finger diameters were between 3.9 and 5.4 mm for PCE propagation in water-saturated glass bead porous media with mean particle diameters from 0.32 to 1.36 mm. The estimated mobile core diameters were 51–60% of the average finger diameters.     

基于微波热解技术的竹炭、竹醋生产设备研究

基于现有竹炭、竹醋生产工艺流程及工业技术水平,设计了一套具有创新性的竹炭、竹醋生产设备,并给出了设备完整的结构以及包括微波源功率在内的关键制造参数.该设备首次引入微波热解技术代替传统的燃烧加热方法,同时窑炉整体设计遵循节约生产空间、原料充分转化、废气废渣循环处理、热量多级利用、全封闭式生产、自动化控制等节能、环保、高效的思想.此外,在对微波源的设计上依据多源溃能理论,采用以小功率磁控管组合代替大功率磁控管设计,从而大幅降低设备的制造成本,提高微波源的使用寿命及工作稳定性.     

高尔夫球场农药化肥对水环境的影响和对策

通过对某高尔夫球场运营过程中化肥和农药施用的分析，用简化模型计算了一般情况下和最不利情况下化肥、农药对地面水环境的影响，提出控制农药化肥污染的对策措施。     

High efficiency chlorine removal from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pyrolysis with a gas–liquid fluidized bed reactor

In this research a gas–liquid fluidized bed reactor was developed for removing chlorine (Cl) from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) to favor its pyrolysis treatment. In order to efficiently remove Cl within a limited time before extensive generation of hydrocarbon products, the gas–liquid fluidized bed reactor was running at 280–320 °C, where hot N₂ was used as fluidizing gas to fluidize the molten polymer, letting the molten polymer contact well with N₂ to release Cl in form of HCl. Experimental results showed that dechlorination efficiency is mainly temperature dependent and 300 °C is a proper reaction temperature for efficient dechlorination within a limited time duration and for prevention of extensive pyrolysis; under this temperature 99.5% of Cl removal efficiency can be obtained within reaction time around 1 min after melting is completed as the flow rate of N₂ gas was set around 0.47–0.85 Nm³ kg^?1 for the molten PVC. Larger N₂ flow rate and additives in PVC would enhance HCl release but did not change the final dechlorination efficiency; and excessive N₂ flow rate should be avoided for prevention of polymer entrainment. HCl is emitted from PVC granules or scraps at the mean time they started to melt and the melting stage should be taken into consideration when design the gas–liquid fluidized bed reactor for dechlorination.     

云母类矿物钾肥的施用效应

我国钾资源贫乏，目前使用的钾肥主要靠国外进口．通过物理、化学和生物的方法，对云母类矿石进行活化而制成云母类矿物钾肥，不失为解决我国南方土壤钾素缺乏问题的一条有效途径．本文对中科院地化所提供的通过活化处理制取的云母类矿物钾肥进行了肥效试验．结果表明，施用云母类矿物钾肥与施用等钾量的氯化钾相比，无论是作物的吸钾能力，还是土壤的供钾能力．前者都比后者显著提高．因此，开发云母类矿物钾肥资源具有广阔的前景．