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431.
Woo-Jung Choi Gwang-Hyun Han Sang-Mo Lee Goon-Taek Lee Kwang-Sik Yoon Soo-Myung Choi Hee-Myong Ro 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2007,120(2-4):259-268
An understanding of the long-term changes in the nitrate contamination pattern of unconfined groundwater is critical to conservation of drinking water in rural areas supporting mixed land-use activities such as cropping, livestock farming, and residence. To examine the effect of different land-use activities on nitrate contamination, groundwater samples were collected monthly for 3 years (1997–1999) from 12 wells in rural areas with different land-use activities and analyzed for the concentrations and N isotopic ratios (δ15N) of nitrate. The characteristics of nitrate contamination clearly differed with land-use activities. The percentages of samples that had a nitrate concentration exceeding the national standard for drinking water (10 mg N L−1) were 0, 23, 43, and 67% for the uncontaminated natural area, cropping area, cropping-livestock farming complex area, and residential area, respectively. The range of δ15N values was between +1.4 and +4.5‰ for groundwater nitrate from the uncontaminated natural area. In the cropping area, the δ15N values were slightly different with the type of fertilizer applied to fields in the vicinity of the well, and the values ranged between +8.7 and +14.4‰ for the compost-applied area and between +4.5 and +8.5‰ for the area where urea was applied with compost. The δ15N values of the cropping-livestock farming complex area ranged from +1.0 to +17.7‰, probably resulting from mixed contamination sources (inorganic fertilizer and livestock manure). The well located closest to the livestock feedlot had relatively higher δ15N values, with a range between +8.7 and +17.6‰. In the residential area, a higher δ15N (most frequently above +10‰) of nitrate suggested that the major source of contamination was effluent from leaky septic tanks. Our data showed that unconfined groundwater is susceptible to land-use activities above the aquifers, and the impacts of the activities could be more precisely inferred from long-term data on the concentration and δ15N of nitrate. By determining the impacts, more effective (specific to contamination sources) measures for preventing groundwater quality could be implemented. 相似文献
432.
通过液氯生产、储运及使用过程中的典型案例,分析了各环节的事故风险环节,提出了风险防范的方向及应急处理处置的基本原则. 相似文献
433.
污泥上清液的有机物浓度及其生物降解性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在进行城市生活污水的生物处理过程中,会产生一定量的生化污泥。在浓缩和处理剩余污泥时,所产生的含高浓度有机物的污泥上清液被回流到污水处理系统,不适当的回流会增加水处理系统的负荷并严重影响,出水的水质。实验证明,在污泥浓缩中,污泥上清液中有机物含有与浓缩温度成e指数关系,与浓缩时间成小于1的指数关系。 相似文献
434.
435.
436.
Biodegradability of Urea-Aldehyde Condensation Products 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Thomas Jahns Heiko Ewen Heinrich Kaltwasser 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2003,11(4):155-159
Condensation products of urea and different aldehydes (formaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, crotonaldehyde) are used in large amounts (more than 300,000 tons per year) as resins, binders, and insulating materials for industrial applications, as well as in controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer for greens, lawns, or bioremediation processes. The biodegradability of these condensates and the enzymic mechanism of their degradation was studied in mircoorganisms isolated from soil, which were able to use these compounds as the sole source of nitrogen for growth. Different pure cultures of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria completely degraded methylenediurea, dimethylenetriurea, isobutylidenediurea, and crotonylidenediurea to urea, ammonia, and the corresponding aldehydes and carbon dioxide. Enzymes initiating this degradation were purified and characterized and turned out to be different with regard to their regulation of expression, their physicobiochemical properties, and their reaction mechanism. 相似文献
437.
两类混凝剂处理公厕水冲物的初步研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文采用无机凝聚剂、有机絮凝剂和有机-无机混凝剂对公共厕所水冲物进行了固液分离研究.条件实验表明,供试的无机凝聚剂中,铁盐对水冲物的混凝速度最快,絮凝体相对于铝盐紧实,而铝盐的絮凝体大于铁盐;有机絮凝剂对供试水冲物的混凝效果随着PAM分子量的增加,效果增强.从处理后的水质看,铝盐普遍优于铁盐.与无机凝聚剂混合使用,能显著加快铝盐的分离,使处理后的絮凝体沉淀体积变小,湿渣的含水量降低2~3倍.气浮处理后的清液,其各项主要水质指标均达到国家污水综合排放二级标准(GB 8978-1996). 相似文献
438.
介绍了塑料电除雾器性能与构造特点 ,分析了硫酸雾的成因及规律 ,针对塑料电除雾器运行中可能出现的故障提出了保证其高效运行的措施 相似文献
439.
有机肥替代作为一种减肥增效和多元化肥替代技术在农业生产中被大力推广.然而,目前尚缺乏对于有机肥在果园N2 O和NO排放方面的影响综合评估.采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,周年观测桃园种植过程中N2 O和NO的排放,比较了单施化肥和有机肥部分替代化肥处理对桃园氮氧化物排放的影响.结果表明,有机肥部分替代化肥分别降低桃园N2 O和NO排放总量15.0 %和9.4 %,同时 N2 O和NO排放系数降低21.3 %和21.1 %.有机肥处理土壤的矿质氮含量低于单施化肥处理.有机肥处理提高了硝化作用中AOA的贡献,降低AOB的贡献,从而减少了硝化作用产生的N2 O.此外,双同位素混合模型[δ18O(N2 O/H2 O)vs.δ15NSP]结果表明,硝化细菌反硝化/细菌反硝化(bD/nD)是桃园土壤N2 O排放的主要途径.施用有机肥增强了土壤反硝化作用,导致更多的N2 O和NO被还原.因此,有机肥部分替代可以缓解果园氮氧化物排放,是实现农业绿色低碳的可行措施. 相似文献
440.