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161.
Although atrazine has been banned in the European Union since 2007 it still persists in soil from where it can enter the food chain. Milk-producing animals accumulate atrazine from contaminated feed and water and since large quantities of milk and milk products are consumed its quality should be constantly monitored. The objective of this investigation was to develop a simple tube ELISA procedure suitable for use in non-specialised laboratories and in the field. A polyclonal antibody raised in sheep and the hapten-gelatine conjugate was immobilised onto polystyrene tubes. This enables the colour produced to be read on a basic spectrophotometer. Milk samples were collected from three farms in different regions of Poland and diluted before immunoassay was performed. Samples were extracted with hexane-acetone for HPLC analysis. The amount of fat in the milk samples interferes with the dose response so it essential that the standards are prepared in the same samples matrix. A good correlation between 1% and 2% was found between the two methods in the analysis of real samples. However the ELISA procedure was more sensitive that the HPLC method since atrazine was detected in some samples by the ELISA but was not confirmed by the HPLC method. The study demonstrated that the simple antigen-coated tube assay provides a cost effective and valuable screening test that can be easily modified for direct use as a screening tool in the field. 相似文献
162.
Kumar KS Suvardhan K Rekha D Kiran K Jayaraj B Janardhanam K Chiranjeevi P 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,127(1-3):67-72
Facile, selective and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of bendiocarb in its insecticidal
formulations, fortified water, food grains, agriculture wastewater and agriculture soil samples with prepared reagents. The
method was based on alkaline hydrolysis of the bendiocarb pesticide, and the resultant hydrolysis product of bendiocarb was
coupled with 2,6-dibromo-4-methylaniline to give a yellow color product with λmaxof457 nmorcouplingwith2, 6−dibromo−4−nitroanilinetoproducearedcoloredproductwithλmax
of474~nmorcouplingwith2, 4, 6−tribromoanilinetoformorangeredcoloredproducthasaλmax
of465 nm.Underoptimalconditions, Beer'slawrangefor2, 6−dibromo−4−methylaniline(DBMA)wasfoundtobe0.6−−14.0~μgmL
-1, 0.8−−10.0 μgmL
-1
for2, 6−dibromo−4−nitroaniline(DBNA)and0.4−−10.0 μgmL
-1
for2, 4, 6−tribromoaniline(TBA).Themolarabsorptivityofthecolorsystemswerefoundtobe4.126~×~104
lmol
-1 cm
-1
forDBMA, 3.254×104
l~mol
-1 cm
-1
forDBNAand2.812×104
lmol
-1 cm
-1
forTBA.Sandell'softhecolorreactionsare0.018 μgcm
-2(DBMA), 0.052 μgcm
-2(DBNA)and0.065 μgcm
-2$ (TBA) respectively. The effect of the non-target species on the determination of bendiocarb was studied. The formation of
colored derivatives with the coupling agents is instantaneous and stable for 18 h, 30 h, and 12 h. Performance of the proposed
methods were compared statistically in terms Student's F and t-tests with the reported methods. 相似文献
163.
Thriveni T Rajesh Kumar J Sujatha D Sreedhar NY 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,128(1-3):359-368
The cyclic voltammograms of terbacil and lenacil at the hanging mercury drop electrode showed a single well defined four electron
irreversible peak in universal buffer of pH 4.0 for both compounds. The peak potentials were shifted to more negative values
on the increase of pH of the medium, implying the involvement of protons in the electrode reaction and that the proton transfer
reaction precedes the proper electrode process. The four electron single peak may be attributed to the simultaneous reduction
of carbonyl groups present in 2 and 4 in pyrimidine ring of terbacil and lenacil to the corresponding hydroxy derivative.
Based on the interfacial adsorptive character of the terbacil and lenacil onto the mercury electrode surface, a simple sensitive
and low cost differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric procedure was optimized for the analysis of terbacil and
lenacil. The optimal operational conditions of the proposed procedure were accumulation potential E
acc = −0.4 V, accumulation time t
acc = 80 s, scan rate = 40 mV s−1, pulse amplitude = 25 mV using a universal buffer pH 4.0 as a supporting electrolyte. The linear concentration range was
found to be 1.5 × 10−5 to 1.2 × 10−9 mol/l and 1.5 × 10−5 to 2.5 × 10−8 mol/l with the lower detection limit of 1.22 × 10−9 and 2.0 × 10−8 mol/l. The correlation coefficient and relative standard deviation values are found to be 0.942, 0.996, 1.64% and 1.23%,
respectively, for 10 replicants. The procedure was successfully applied for determination of terbacil and lenacil in formulations,
mixed formulations, environmental samples such as fruit samples and spiked water samples. 相似文献
164.
金属涂层石墨管对生物样品中微量镉测定的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本文采用金属涂层石墨管,结合使用(NH4)2HPO4为基体改进剂及自动雾化淀积进样技术,对生物样品Cd的测定进行研究。通过实验表明,Ta,Zr,W,La等金属涂层等可提高镉的测定灵敏度和精度,有很强的抗共存离子干扰的能力,并可降低背景吸收干扰。 相似文献
165.
用加热浓缩-火焰原子吸收光谱法和石墨炉-原子吸收光谱法对环境水样中的镍进行了比较测定,结果表明,两种方法测定镍的各项指标均在要求范围,两种方法测定结果的相对误差均<7.1%,表明两种方法可以视为等效方法,作用可以相互替补使用. 相似文献
166.
Regine Schäfer Rudolf K. Achazi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》1999,6(4):213-219
The effect of ammunition-like compounds and armament waste on the mortality and reproduction of terrestrial invertebrates
was assayed by using two biotests: the enchytraeid-biotest withEnchytraeus crypticus and the collembola-biotest withFolsomia Candida. Toxicity was investigated by using standard soil (Lufa 2.2) spiked with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro-l,3,5-trinitro-l,3,5-triazine
(hexogen, RDX), octahydro-l,3,5,7-tetranitro-l,3,5,7-tetrazocine (octogen, HMX) and 2,4,6-triaminotoluene (TAT). Ecotoxicity
was investigated with ammunition-contaminated soil material from the former ammunition plant “Tanne” at Clausthal-Zellerfeld
(CTNTla) and the Brandplatz (incineration site) in Torgau-Elsnig (TETNT1a), Germany.
TNT increased mortality and reduced reproduction of both test organisms corresponding to the concentrations used, whereas
hexogen, octogen and TAT had no effect in the tested concentrations (1000-2000 mg/kg). From the two soil materials, TETNT1a
was much more toxic than CTNT1a. The LC50(7d) in the enchytraeid-biotest was 570 mg TNT/kg and the EC50(28d) 369 mg TNT/kg
soil material (dw). In the collembola-biotest the LC50(7d) was 185 mg TNT/kg and the EC50(28d) 110 mg TNT/kg soil matter (dw). 相似文献
167.
168.
从去甲基化能力方面研究地表水、地下水、土壤等环境样品综合表观遗传毒性。将pEGFP-C3质粒通过人工甲基化处理获得荧光蛋白基因启动子区处于高甲基化状态的C3质粒,并将其转染进人类HepG-2肝癌细胞株,随后以该改造细胞株(EGFPHepG2)为主要工具载体,与样品提取液进行共培养,依据细胞绿色荧光强度来定量评价样品的去甲基化功能的强弱(简称EGFP方法)。同时通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP/MS)对样品提取液的成分进行扫描检测分析。结果表明,在9个测试样中,有7个显示出可以观察到的去甲基化表观遗传毒性,占测试样品的78%。其去甲基化表观遗传毒性当量介于0.065~0.257μmol·L-1的5-Aza-CdR之间。在4个存在超标的土壤或底泥样品中,有3个被检测出具有可以观察到的去甲基化表观遗传毒性,环境样品表观遗传毒性检测结果也与环境分析结果具有基本一致的趋势。结果初步显示,部分环境样品去甲基化能力较强,具有不容忽视的表观遗传毒性。 相似文献
169.
Bruna M. Freire Tatiana Pedron Camila N. Lange Livia R. Sanches Gustavo R. M. Barcelos Walter R. P. Filho 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(4):395-412
A fast, high-throughput and accurate method was developed for determination of Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, U, Zn, Sb, Sn, I and Hg in urine and serum by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The samples were directly analyzed after 1/20 (v/v) dilution in 0.4% (v/v) HNO3 and 0.005% Triton X-100. Three calibration modes were tested: aqueous and matrix matching with urine and serum. The accuracy was tested using reference materials of serum, urine and spiking. Results showed that the use of matrix matching calibration reduced the interferences and improved the recoveries for Al, Co, Pb and I in urine. The matrix matching did not affect the results considerably for serum. When serum was spiked with As, Co, Cs, Pb, U, Hg, I, Ba, Al, Cr and Ni, only matrix matching presented good recoveries. Helium was used as a collision cell gas reducing effectively polyatomic interferences for Al, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Zn, As and Fe. Selection of the best internal standard was carried out for each element. The use of diluted HNO3 improved the limit of detection. Finally, the method was applied successfully in samples of urine from workers occupationally exposed. 相似文献
170.
应用固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱法,建立了同时测定环境水样中7种苯胺类化合物的检测方法.实验表明,以ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 (3.5μm,2.1×150mm)色谱柱为分离柱,乙腈-水(2mmol/L甲酸铵)为梯度洗脱的流动相,在电喷雾质谱正离子模式下,7min内可以分离目标化合物;在1~200μg/L浓度范围内,7种苯胺类化合物的峰面积与质量浓度的线性关系良好;添加水平分别为0.8、4.0、20.0mg/L时,目标化合物的平均回收率分别为68.5%~102.2%、71.4%~89.4%、62.0%~78.3%,相对标准偏差均小于6.9%;利用本方法对长江南京段平水期(2014.4)、丰水期(2014.8)和枯水期(2014.12)的14个采样点的环境水样进行检测,检出4-硝基苯胺、2,6-二乙基苯胺、3,4-二氯苯胺和4-异丙基苯胺4种苯胺类化合物,且4-硝基苯胺在3个时期14个采样点均能检出;风险商值法评估长江南京段水体中4-硝基苯胺的生态风险为低生态风险. 相似文献