利用壳聚糖溶液探讨黄土中铬(VI)的提取效果研究

铬是环境中一种重要的重金属污染物,大量含铬的废水、废渣随意排放导致土壤、水体和生物遭到不同程度的污染.中国黄土分布面积广泛,本研究以典型的西部黄土为对象,通过室内土柱淋滤试验,以灌水量和示踪铬浓度为控制因子,研究铬在黄土层中的分布、迁移转化规律及黄土对铬的吸附特性.由于壳聚糖的结构中含有大量的-NH2和-OH,因此壳聚糖,它对重金属离子有优良的吸附作用.探讨了吸附时间、壳聚糖浓度、pH、液固比、温度对壳聚糖吸附黄土中Cr(VI)的提取效果.     

汽油在西北黄土上吸附特性的研究

通过动力学和热力学吸附实验,研究了汽油在西北地区黄土上的吸附行为,同时研究了提取的天然腐植酸对汽油在黄土上吸附行为的影响.结果表明,汽油在黄土上的吸附在6h内达到平衡.无论是否加入腐植酸,汽油在黄土上的吸附动力学过程均符合Elovich方程,其热力学吸附符合Freundlich方程.腐植酸的存在使汽油在黄土上的吸附能力减小.反应温度从25℃升高到45 C,汽油在土壤上的饱和吸附量从6.300mg·g-1减小到1.365 mg·g-1,表明汽油在黄土上的吸附属于放热反应.溶液pH和土壤粒径的增大,均不利于汽油在黄土上的吸附,溶液pH和土壤粒径越大,其在黄土上的吸附量越小.另外,在室温下对吸附了汽油的土壤样品和纯汽油挥发行为的研究表明,吸附了汽油的土壤样品的汽油挥发比纯汽油慢,其挥发率与时间成对数关系.     

车辆高原环境模拟试验技术发展现状综述

由于高原环境对车辆性能影响的严酷性,现代车辆的高原环境适应性越来越受到重视,推动了车辆高原环境模拟试验技术的快速发展。阐述了车辆高原环境模拟试验技术的基本内涵,以及车辆高原环境适应性试验的类型、特点和试验项目等,分析了国内外高原环境模拟试验技术研究与发展概况。以某型车辆高原环境实验室为例,详细介绍了车辆高原环境实验室的结构、功能及原理。     

云南省九大高原湖泊营养状态综合对比评价分析

基于主成分分析理论和SPSS统计软件,建立湖泊富营养综合评价模型,以云南省九大高原湖泊为例,对滇池等九大高原湖泊营养状态进行综合评价,并与指数评价法评价结果作对比分析。结果表明：基于主成分分析法的湖库营养状态综合评价能较好地反映云南省九大高原湖泊营养状态,综合评价结果优于指数法。     

Removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solution using red loess as an adsorbent

The adsorption behaviors of heavy metals onto novel low-cost adsorbent, red loess, were investigated. Red loess was characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The results indicated that red loess mainly consisted of silicate, ferric and aluminum oxides. Solution pH, adsorbent dosage, initial metal concentration, contact time and temperature significantly influenced the efficiency of heavy metals removal. The adsorption reached equilibrium at 4 hr, and the experimental equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir monolayer adsorption model. The adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto red loess was endothermic, while the adsorption of Pb(II) was exothermic. The maximum adsorption capacities of red loess for Pb(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) were estimated to be 113.6, 34.2 and 17.5 mg/g, respectively at 25°C and pH 6. The maximum removal efficiencies were 100% for Pb(II) at pH 7, 100% for Cu(II) at pH 8, and 80% for Zn(II) at pH 8. The used adsorbents were readily regenerated using dilute HC1 solution, indicating that red loess has a high reusability. All the above results demonstrated that red loess could be used as a possible alternative low-cost adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution.     

黄土沉积物中次生细粒强磁性矿物记录的古气候信息

伊犁地区位于我国新疆地区西北部,为天山山脉环绕。区内降水自西向东递增,而温 度则由于海拔高度的抬升而逐渐降低。上述地理环境有利于分析和探讨温度和降水与黄土沉积 物中次生细粒强磁性颗粒数量之间关系。本研究在伊犁河谷西部地区,对不同海拔高度黄土表 层沉积物进行样品采集。环境磁学分析结果显示：黄土沉积物中次生细粒强磁性矿物含量与降 水量之间存在很好的正相关关系,而与温度之间存在反相关关系。结合黄土高原的研究结果可 以发现：温度对黄土沉积物中次生细粒强磁性矿物的数量影响微弱,降水是控制其含量的主要 因素;即：在黄土古气候研究中,次生细粒强磁性矿物的磁化率可以作为古降水量的代用指标, 但对温度变化不敏感。     

基于Access的海原特大地震黄土地震滑坡数据库的构建

自2016年以来,防灾科技学院对1920年海原特大地震形成的黄土地震滑坡开展了全面系统的野外调查工作,获取了数百个黄土地震滑坡的详细调查资料,为便于资料的管理和应用,建立了首个海原特大地震黄土地震滑坡数据库系统.主要从资料来源、access 2019软件系统的可行性、数据库的设计及建设4个方面详细介绍了海原特大地震黄土...     

青藏高原地区准好氧填埋单元试验研究

为研究准好氧填埋技术在海拔高、空气稀薄、气温低、昼夜温差大、蒸发强、降雨少的青藏高原地区的适用性,在青藏高原不冻泉地区开展了为期14个月的准好氧填埋单元试验研究.试验结果表明,准好氧填埋单元的渗滤液COD浓度由3307 mg/L降低到403 mg/L,氨氮由135.4 mg/L降低到0.04 mg/L,渗滤液量大幅减少.研究为青藏高原地区提供了一种垃圾处理方式.     

Treated wastewater irrigation effect on soil, crop and environment： Wastewater recycling in the loess area of China

A study was carried out at the Loess Plateau in Dongzhi,China,to test the feasibility of using secondary treatment sewage effluent and to determine whether the water quality would then meet the recommended irrigation norm.Seven crops,including celery,wheat, maize,millet,apples,rapeseed and yellow beans,were tested in the study.Physical and chemical properties of the soil,crop yield and quality and leachate at different soil depths were measured.In most cases,the quality of the crops that made use of treated sewage was not distinctively different from those that did not use treated sewage.However,yields for the former were much higher than they were for the latter.Leachates at different soil depths were analyzed and the results did not show alarming levels of constituents.For a period of approximately 14 months,the treated sewage irrigation had no significant effect on the loess soil and no cases of illness resulting from contact with the treated sewage were reported.With treated sewage irrigation,a slight increase in the organic content of the soil was observed.     

高原机场飞机噪声监测与计算结果比较分析

高原机场飞机架次较少,机型单一,飞行周期稳定,以及高原特殊的环境特征,有时会导致现场实际噪声监测数据无效。应用综合噪声模型(INM)软件对青海玉树机场飞机噪声进行计算,其结果与监测结果比较显示,计算值和监测值误差在±6 d B的范围以内。探讨提出采用飞机噪声计算模式,可以为高原机场飞机噪声管理提供可靠技术支撑。