污泥停留时间对厌氧膜生物反应器处理餐厨废水效能的影响

采用中试厌氧膜生物反应器（AnMBR）处理高浓度餐厨废水,多维分析污泥停留时间（SRT为50、30和20 d）对其运行效能的影响。结果显示,AnMBR在各SRT工况下均展现出较好的稳定性,消化罐pH维持在7.2（7.8之间,膜出水COD去除率达到96%以上。缩短SRT虽然能够有效提高有机负荷,但是过低的SRT会显著降低COD转化率。AnMBR在SRT 30 d工况下可获得最佳处理效能,有机负荷达到（8.7±1.3）kg COD·（m3·d）-1,沼气生产强度达到（4.5±0.8）m3·（m3·d）-1,COD转化率为（82.1±7.3）%。厌氧消化液中胶体态和溶解性大分子有机质的累积是导致膜过滤效能下降的主要原因,控制SRT 30 d有效削减了其积累量,从而提高了膜通量并减缓了膜污染趋势。Ca2+会沉积在污泥混合液中,其浓度随着SRT缩短显著降低。此外,SRT缩短会降低长链脂肪酸（LCFA）的转化率;但是未降解的LCFA很可能与Ca2+形成沉淀,会减轻游离LCFA对微生物活性的抑制作用,进而有助于AnMBR的稳定运行。     

大跨度偏压隧道受火损伤分析

为探明火灾对大跨度偏压隧道造成的不利影响,依托贵州省某公路隧道工程,基于ANSYS有限元软件分析不同埋深及偏压条件下大跨度隧道结构的最大损伤和相对温度损伤变化规律,并对其温度场分布和应力分布规律进行总结。结果表明:衬砌高温损伤约60 mm,温度影响深度约300 mm,内部温升过程逐渐由曲线变化转变为直线变化;最大损伤深度随偏压角度增加近似呈指数增长变化,而相对温度损伤略有减小,当偏压角度较大时,火灾将成为隧道破坏的诱导因素而非直接因素;最大损伤深度与偏压隧道埋深近似呈抛物线变化,火灾对偏压隧道影响显著,必须采取有效预防措施;随着受火时间的增加,临火侧衬砌混凝土在热膨胀及围岩约束作用下,压应力快速增加,存在较大的压溃风险。     

脉冲喷吹2000mm长滤筒的清灰性能

为探究2 000 mm长滤筒滤筒在脉冲清灰时,不同喷吹条件(喷吹孔径、喷吹距离)对滤筒清灰性能的影响及沿长滤筒长度方向上侧壁压力峰值分布规律,设计脉冲喷吹实验,测定Φ147 mm×2 000 mm(覆PTFE膜)长滤筒在不同喷吹条件下的侧壁压力峰值.实验结果表明,2 000 mm长滤筒的最佳喷吹孔径为15 mm,最佳喷吹距离为240 mm,在0.5 MPa条件下,沿滤筒长度方向上各测点的侧壁压力峰值分别为P0 1 084、P1 1 898、P2 1 276、P3 1 556、P4 1 302和P5 3 258.并得出最佳喷吹距离随着喷吹孔径的减小而逐渐增大,以及沿长滤筒长度方向上侧壁压力峰值分布呈现先增加再减小再增加的分布规律.研究成果旨在为长滤筒过滤系统优化设计及滤筒除尘器代替滤袋除尘器的应用上提供指导.     

上部开口诱导引流装置对卧式长滤筒清灰性能的影响

采用仿真模拟及喷吹实验,研究采用卧式长滤筒的脉冲滤筒除尘器的清灰性能。由于卧式长滤筒在截面形状、放置方式和筒身长度上与传统滤筒有明显区别,使得其清灰方式需要进一步优化。探究诱导引流装置的上部开口尺寸对卧式长滤筒清灰性能的影响发现,随着上部开口口径增大,压力均值逐渐增大,压力分布均匀性有所降低。综合清灰性能指标评价得出,D₁₆型上部开口引流装置在0.4 MPa,175 mm的喷吹参数下可实现卧式长滤筒的高效清灰。本研究结果可为卧式长滤筒清灰性能的优化提供参考。     

长距离输煤管道储浆罐与石油储罐对比研究

对比研究长距离输煤管道储浆罐与石油储罐搅拌设计特点、罐顶设计特点、消防安全设施特点。经分析可知,长距离输煤管道储浆罐宜选用推进式搅拌器,罐壁上设置导流结构,宜采用固定顶、锥顶,设置简单消防安全设施,宜选用难燃保温材料;石油储罐优先选用旋转喷射式搅拌器,罐内油品进行定期搅拌,采用浮顶,大型的一般选用外浮顶,需设置完善消防安全设施。     

基于长短时记忆网络的水质预测模型研究

在当前水质数据急剧增加的背景下,为了挖掘水质时间序列中的更多信息,提升水质预测的精度,构建了基于缺失值填补算法和长短时记忆网络(LSTM)相结合的水质预测模型。通过缺失值填补算法进行水质数据的缺失值处理,利用LSTM网络分别构建不同水质参数的预测模型,以太湖水质监测数据为样本,对模型进行检验。结果表明,基于缺失值填补算法-LSTM的水质预测模型适应性强,相较传统SVM、BP神经网络、RNN、LSTM模型预测精度更高,对水环境保护具有重要意义。     

Identifying impediments to long‐distance mammal migrations

In much of the world, the persistence of long‐distance migrations by mammals is threatened by development. Even where human population density is relatively low, there are roads, fencing, and energy development that present barriers to animal movement. If we are to conserve species that rely on long‐distance migration, then it is critical that we identify existing migration impediments. To delineate stopover sites associated with anthropogenic development, we applied Brownian bridge movement models to high‐frequency locations of pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. We then used resource utilization functions to assess the threats to long‐distance migration of pronghorn that were due to fences and highways. Migrating pronghorn avoided dense developments of natural gas fields. Highways with relatively high volumes of traffic and woven‐wire sheep fence acted as complete barriers. At crossings with known migration bottlenecks, use of high?quality forage and shrub habitat by pronghorn as they approached the highway was lower than expected based on availability of those resources. In contrast, pronghorn consistently utilized high?quality forage close to the highway at crossings with no known migration bottlenecks. Our findings demonstrate the importance of minimizing development in migration corridors in the future and of mitigating existing pressure on migratory animals by removing barriers, reducing the development footprint, or installing crossing structures. Identificación de los Impedimentos para las Migraciones de Larga Distancia de Mamíferos     

Declines in migrant shorebird populations from a winter‐quarter perspective

Many long‐distance migrating shorebird (i.e., sandpipers, plovers, flamingos, oystercatchers) populations are declining. Although regular shorebird monitoring programs exist worldwide, most estimates of shorebird population trends and sizes are poor or nonexistent. We built a state‐space model to estimate shorebird population trends. Compared with more commonly used methods of trend estimation, state‐space models are more mechanistic, allow for the separation of observation and state process, and can easily accommodate multivariate time series and nonlinear trends. We fitted the model to count data collected from 1990 to 2013 on 18 common shorebirds at the 2 largest coastal wetlands in southern Africa, Sandwich Harbour (a relatively pristine bay) and Walvis Bay (an international harbor), Namibia. Four of the 12 long‐distance migrant species declined since 1990: Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres), Little Stint (Calidris minuta), Common Ringed Plover (Charadrius hiaticula), and Red Knot (Calidris canutus). Populations of resident species and short‐distance migrants increased or were stable. Similar patterns at a key South African wetland suggest that shorebird populations migrating to southern Africa are declining in line with the global decline, but local conditions in southern Africa's largest wetlands are not contributing to these declines. State‐space models provide estimates of population levels and trends and could be used widely to improve the current state of water bird estimates.     

GPRS在污水处理中的应用

介绍了将GPRS应用于污水处理行业中的好处,采用GPRS无线猫以无线的方式传输数据的优势：资费便宜,计费合理,设备投资低,新增和改变网点非常方便,线路稳定,接入速度快,而且永远不会掉线.最好地支持了频繁的或少量突发型的数据业务.     

1万Kva电石炉烟气的治理

介绍遵义碱厂红果化工分厂采用强制风冷器 LMC低压长袋脉冲除尘器净化1万 kVA电石炉烟气的技术.