Predicting the Impact of Sea-Level Rise on Caribbean Sea Turtle Nesting Habitat

Abstract:  The projected rise in sea level is likely to increase the vulnerability of coastal zones in the Caribbean, which are already under pressure from a combination of anthropogenic activities and natural processes. One of the major effects will be a loss of beach habitat, which provides nesting sites for endangered sea turtles. To assess the potential impacts of sea-level rise on sea turtle nesting habitat, we used beach profile measurements of turtle nesting beaches on Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles, to develop elevation models of individual beaches in a geographic information system. These models were then used to quantify areas of beach vulnerable to three different scenarios of a rise in sea level. Physical characteristics of the beaches were also recorded and related to beach vulnerability, flooding, and nesting frequency. Beaches varied in physical characteristics and therefore in their vulnerability to flooding. Up to 32% of the total current beach area could be lost with a 0.5-m rise in sea level, with lower, narrower beaches being the most vulnerable. Vulnerability varied with land use adjacent to the beach. These predictions about loss of nesting habitat have important implications for turtle populations in the region.     

The Environmental Limits to Globalization

Abstract:  Criticisms of globalization have been largely based on its socioeconomic effects, but the environmental impacts of globalization are equally important. These include acceleration of climate change; drawdown of global stocks of cheap energy; substantial increases in air, water, and soil pollution; decreases in biodiversity, including a massive loss of crop and livestock varieties; depletion of ocean fisheries; and a significant increase in invasions of exotic species, including plant, animal, and human pathogens. Because of negative feedback from these changes, the future of globalization itself is bleak. The environmental and social problems inherent in globalization are completely interrelated—any attempt to treat them as separate entities is unlikely to succeed in easing the transition to a postglobalized world.     

侵蚀逆境下土壤有机碳的迁移

土壤有机碳是陆地碳库的重要组成部分。土地利用和土地覆盖变化使得土壤中有机碳的含量发生很大的变化。土壤侵蚀是陆地碳库衰减的主要动力之一，也是陆地碳汇与海洋碳汇相互作用的重要过程。文章对土壤活性有机碳以及不同土地利用方式对土壤有机碳的影响作了介绍。     

环境噪声达标区建设的宏观经济效益分析方法

从环境经济学观点出发，运用系统论，数理统计等方法，分析环境噪声污染的直接损失与间接损失，达标区建设的硬件与软件投资、达标区建成后的直接与间接效益，建立了环境噪声达标区建设中损失－投资－效益三者的分析法，以价格机制和价值规律，促进环境噪声污染防治。     

Catastrophic Decline in Mollusc Diversity in Eastern Tasmania and Its Concurrence with Shellfish Fisheries

Abstract:  We used historical patterns of deposition of mollusc shells to infer changes to inshore benthic assemblages in the southeastern Tasmanian region over the past 120 years. We identified and counted shells in slices embedded within 1m long ²¹⁰Pb-dated sediment cores were collected at 13 sites in water depths of 8–16 m. Declines in mollusc species richness and shell production occurred during the past century at all sites studied, with a mean decline per 5-cm sediment slice from 21 species in 1890 to 7 species in 1990 and in shell abundance from 150 to 30 individuals over the same period. The time course of decline notably corresponded with the history of the scallop dredge fishery, presumably either because scallop dredging caused general declines in populations of mollusc species or because other factors caused a catastrophic regional decline in molluscs that included scallops. As a consequence, the fishery was forced to close. Of major concern is that losses had not previously been recognized but extended throughout the 100-km coastal span of the study. Given that fishing and other anthropogenic impacts, as well as a lack of observational data, are virtually ubiquitous for the coastal zone, major recent losses in mollusc biodiversity may be globally widespread but have gone unnoticed.     

垃圾堆肥高效纤维素分解菌的筛选与培育技术

从堆肥、马粪、果园土、污泥等20个样品中，分离筛选出3株对滤纸分解旺盛的纤维素分解菌：C1、C2、C3，并外购康氏木霉、白腐菌、变色栓菌一起作为出发株，经紫外诱变处理后，在含葡萄糖的产酶培养基平板上筛选到能形成较大透明圈的突变株，并进行CMC酶活、微晶纤维素酶活及天然粗纤维分解能力测定。实验结果证明白腐菌经紫外线照射60s诱变而得的C16不仅透明圈大，CMC酶活高（60.08U/mL）是出发株的2倍，而且其对天然粗纤维分解能力强，10d分解率达35％。     

利用微量热法研究Cd2+和Cu2+对嗜热四膜虫(Tetrahymena thermophila)的毒性效应

利用微量热法研究Cd2 和Cu2 对嗜热四膜虫BF5(TetrahymenathermophilaBF5)生长代谢毒性效应 ,结果表明 :①低浓度的Cd2 (0～ 0 .4mgL-1)和Cu2 (0～ 10mgL-1)对四膜虫的生长有促进作用 ,而高浓度的Cd2 (0 .8～ 3.2mgL-1)和Cu2 (2 0～ 2 0 0mgL-1)则产生抑制作用 ;②Cd2 和Cu2 的半抑制浓度IC50 分别为 2 .0 4mg/L和15 5 .5mg/L ;③联合毒性为协同作用 ;④微量热法所得Cd2 和Cu2 单独作用时的IC10 分别为 0 .96mg/L和 19.9mg/L ,高于种类损伤法结果 ;⑤微量热法所得Cd2 和Cu2 单独作用时的IC10 均高于II级饮用水水质标准 .而Cd2 和Cu2 间的协同作用使Cd2 的IC10 降低为 0 .31mg/L ,高于水质标准 ;Cu2 的IC10 降低为 1.16mg/L ,与水质标准相近 .总之 ,微量热法不仅是一种快速评价污染物毒性效应的新方法 ,而且可用于相关的环境毒理学理论研究 .图 1表 5参 16     

二氧化硫污染治理及其资源化利用新途径

二氧化硫对环境及人类的危害越来越严重，对其的治理是保护大气环境的重要方面。本文阐述了二氧化硫的污染现状以及治理二氧化硫烟气的主要方法，为烟气脱硫方法的选择提供参考。最后用综合治理二氧化硫污染的实例，说明了环境治理中要尽量采用“绿色技术”，变废为宝，体现环境保护的新思维，实现循环经济的发展要求。     

关于学校学科发展的几点初步设想

本文从简要回顾国内外著名大学的历史出发，给出了学校发展的最终定位．在这个大目标下，文章从分期目标、思路、方法、计划以及存在的问题等几方面着手，讨论了学校学科发展的各阶段主要目标、学校发展的思路以及理念、推动和促进学校发展的几种方法、实现这些理念与实践这些方法的计划以及可能存在的问题．文章最后对这些设想作一个简要总结，指出实现学校发展的最终目标是一个艰辛而漫长、是一个需要几代人持之以恒共同努力的自然结果。