河北丰宁坝上高原寒区抗灾补墒灌溉基本途径

我国是世界上高原众多的国家,高原面上土地资源丰富,而长期干旱缺水困扰高原农业的发展,当前生产水平低。“八五”期间采用半移动式喷灌获得成功,粮食单产可从现在的每公顷７５０ｋｇ,提高到５２５０ｋｇ,大多数作物品种一年便可收回投资成本。巨大的增产潜力,对于我国粮食生产供应态势趋紧具有特殊意义。     

低山丘陵区土地整理与可持续发展研究——以广安区为例

为探讨低山丘陵区土地整理的模式,利用MAPGIS软件综合处理研究区大量与土地利用相关的基础数据,针对低山丘陵区土地资源利用的现状及特点,从多方面说明土地整理的迫切性.依据经济、社会、生态相统一的目标,划定3个土地开发整理区,确定开发整理的方向及重点.研究得出土地整理是改善用地结构、协调人地矛盾的有效途径.结论:土地整理应首先以保护耕地数量和质量为核心,集约利用土地,促进耕地总量动态平衡;加强土地管理,提高土地的利用率和综合效益.     

铁限制对铜绿微囊藻光系统活性变化的影响

通过研究铁限制时铜绿微囊藻光系统活性的变化,了解铁限制控制铜绿微囊藻水华过程的机制.结果表明,铁限制使光合效率Fv/Fm明显降低,光系统Ⅱ接受的能量总体上呈减少趋势.超低温荧光发射光谱显示,铁缺乏限制了藻细胞光系统Ⅰ的活性,而相对促进了光系统Ⅱ荧光叶绿素复合物的产生,说明铁限制使铜绿微囊藻细胞的光能分配更趋向于光系统Ⅱ,其中的CP47蛋白荧光几乎完全消失,CP43蛋白荧光则相对增加.     

洋河水库水质主成分分析

自20世纪80年代以来,洋河水库每年夏季都爆发“水华”现象,水质不断恶化。为研究水库水体水质年变化情况,于2005年对水库5个采样点的叶绿素a(Chl-a)、总磷(TP)等12项水化学指标进行为期1年的监测。采用基于因子分析的主成分分析方法,将洋河水库水质参数概括为5个主要成分,并分析各个主成分的含义以及其月均值随时间的变化规律。最后结合空间数据,分析了5个主成分年均值的空间分布特征和意义。结果表明,南库区的水质要明显好于北库区。     

用“主成份子集合选择法”优选大气环境测点的缺陷

分析了主成份子集合选择法的应用过程,指出该方法只考虑了各测点的污染随机变化信息.而忽略了各测点的污染水平信息;用该方法所得到的优化点集不能正确地反映地区大气污染水平.因而主成份子集合选择法不宜应用于大气例行监测的优化布点研究中.     

Modeling of NO x Emissions from Oil Refinery Furnaces

The current paper investigates the possibility of establishing an empirically based model for predicting the emission rate of nitrogen oxides (NO _x ) from oil refinery furnaces, in order to continually track emissions with respect to environmental licence limits. Model input data were collected by direct stack monitoring using an electrochemical cell NO _x analyser, as well as a range of telemetry sensors to obtain refinery process parameters. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), in conjunction with Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression was then used to build a series of models able to predict NO _x emissions from the furnaces. The models produced were proven to be robust, with a relatively high accuracy, and are able to predict NO _x levels over the range of operating conditions which were sampled. It was found that due to structural/operational variations a separate model is usually required for each furnace. The models can be integrated with the refinery operating system to predict NO _x emission rates on a continuous basis. Two models representing structurally different furnaces are considered in this paper. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Spatial scales and probability based sampling in determining levels of benthic community degradation in the Chesapeake Bay

The extent of degradation of benthic communities of the Chesapeake Bay was determined by applying a previously developed benthic index of biotic integrity at three spatial scales. Allocation of sampling was probability-based allowing areal estimates of degradation with known confidence intervals. The three spatial scales were: (1) the tidal Chesapeake Bay; (2) the Elizabeth River watershed; and (3) two small tidal creeks within the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River that are part of a sediment contaminant remediation effort. The areas covered varied from 10^–1 to 10⁴ km² and all were sampled in 1999. The Chesapeake Bay was divided into ten strata, the Elizabeth River into five strata and each of the two tidal creeks was a single stratum. The determination of the number and size of strata was based upon consideration of both managerially useful units for restoration and limitations of funding. Within each stratum 25 random locations were sampled for benthic community condition. In 1999 the percent of the benthos with poor benthic community condition for the entire Chesapeake Bay was 47% and varied from 20% at the mouth of the Bay to 72% in the Potomac River. The estimated area of benthos with poor benthic community condition for the Elizabeth River was 64% and varied from 52–92%. Both small tidal creeks had estimates of 76% of poor benthic community condition. These kinds of estimates allow environmental managers to better direct restoration efforts and evaluate progress towards restoration. Patterns of benthic community condition at smaller spatial scales may not be correctly inferred from larger spatial scales. Comparisons of patterns in benthic community condition across spatial scales, and between combinations of strata, must be cautiously interpreted.     

平行磁场下电极材料对DBD降解亚甲基蓝的影响

采用介质阻挡放电等离子体技术,以镍,铁,钼,不锈钢4种材料作为电极,分别在有平行磁场和无平行磁场的条件下,考察了不同电极材料对亚甲基蓝降解率和能量利用率的影响.实验中发现电极材料的不同会影响亚甲基蓝的降解效果,其中镍电极在处理8min后亚甲基蓝降解率可达99%,降解效果最好,电极材料还会影响平行磁场对亚甲基蓝降解的促进效果,铁和镍电极的能量利用率相比无磁场时提高了约20%,而钼和不锈钢只有5%~10%.通过研究介质阻挡放电等离子体的产生机理和二次电子发射原理,发现这些差异是由电极材料的二次电子发射系数和磁导率的不同导致的,4种材料中铁的二次电子发射系数最大,电子雪崩过程中产生的高能电子更多,因此降解效果最好,铁和镍的磁导率最大,放电空间内的磁感应强度更高,因此平行磁场对亚甲基蓝降解率和能量利用率的提升更大.     

低成本轻质复合蒙布在飞艇尾翼中的应用

目的研究一种低成本轻质复合蒙布设计,为中小型飞艇尾翼提供蒙皮材料。方法通过材料选型、连接设计、典型的复合蒙布性能测试。结果实现了该型蒙布在某大型飞艇尾翼中的应用,表现出了良好的力学性能、可靠性与维修性。结论结构质量与同等强度的气囊材料相比约轻30%。同时,该型复合蒙布还可用于飞艇框架结构的装饰,具有较高的使用价值。     

基于主成分分析法对安肇新河水质评价的研究

安肇新河为大庆市的南线排水系统的主要排水干渠.安肇新河河道北起王花泡滞洪区,南抵松花汪,东邻肇兰新河,西至大庆市西排干,流域形状基本上为狭长形,河道的主要任务是排泄古恰闸以上七个滞洪区及各区间的来水.由于运用单因子综合评价法无法对安肇新河的水质进行比较分析,特引入主成分分析法对近十年数据进行分析,进一步比较了安肇新河时间和空间上的水质变化情况.通过对因子选择和计算,对安肇新河近10年的数据进行空间和时间的科学比对,进行综合比较并作出时间和空间上的评价.