Marine macroalgae in polar regions as natural sources for volatile organohalogens

Marine macroalgae species from the polar regions were investigated for their importance as natural sources of volatile halogenated compounds released into the biosphere. Several different halogenated C1 to C4 hydrocarbons were identified and their release rates determined. The compounds contained mainly bromine and iodine, and form was the dominant compound released. Although an annual atmospheric input of approximately 10(8)-10(10) g bromine and 10(7)-10(8) g iodine was calculated from the release rates, marine macroalgae are apparently not the major source on a global scale, as the release is up to four orders of magnitude lower than a presumed annual flow from the oceans. Despite this, macroalgae may be more important on a local scale due to their occurrence at a high biomass in the coastal regions. The present paper gives an overview about studies done on the release of volatile halocarbons by macroalgae from polar regions. Furthermore, the function of these compounds in the macroalgal metabolism is discussed.     

Comparative studies on utilizing nitrogen capacity between two macroalgae Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui (rhodophyta) and Ulva pertusa (chlorophyta). I. Nitrogen storage under nitrogen enrichment and starvation

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｗｉｄｅｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎｏｆｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｍａｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅｈａｓｏｆｔｅｎｂｅｅｎａｃｃｏｍｐａｎｉｅｄｂｙｄｅｇｒａｄａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｎａｔｕｒａｌｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｎｄｃａｕｓｅｓｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｏｆｗａｔｅｒｑｕａｌｉｔｙ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｎｔｕｒｎｌｉｍｉｔｓｉｔｓｏｗｎｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ (Ｃｏｈｅｎ ,1991;Ｔｒｏｅｌｌ,1997;Ｎａｙｌｏｒ,1998) .Ａｍｍｏｎｉａｉｓａｍａｊｏｒｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｏｆｔｈｅａｑｕａｔｉｃａｎｉｍａｌｍｅ…     

基于机器学习遥感算法的大型漂浮藻面积提取方法研究

采用基于机器学习的多层感知机算法,利用GOCI(Geostationary Ocean Color Imager)传感器获取的瑞利校正反射率数据,对东中国海大型漂浮藻进行遥感自动识别,采用线性混合像元分解来计算大型漂浮藻的覆盖面积,并利用膨胀和侵蚀法进行大型漂浮藻的分布面积计算。利用L8/OLI(Landsat 8/Operational Land Imager)高空间分辨率资料进行验证,结果表明,基于机器学习遥感算法针对GOCI提取的大型漂浮藻覆盖面积,与L8/OLI结果十分接近,R2达到0. 959,平均绝对误差和平均相对误差分别为39. 32 km2和18. 15%。     

海洋酸化对大型海藻生长以及磷酸盐、硝酸盐吸收利用的影响

CO2浓度升高导致的海洋酸化会对大型海藻的生长、生理生态以及营养盐的吸收产生影响.本研究分析了3种pH条件下,3种大型海藻[孔石莼、萱藻、小珊瑚藻(钙化藻)]单养和混养的生长以及营养盐(磷酸盐PO34-和硝酸盐NO3-)的吸收利用情况.单养时,孔石莼、萱藻、小珊瑚藻的第10 d湿重增加百分比分别在pH 7.9、7.6、8.2条件下最多,并且小珊瑚藻在pH 7.6时的相对增长率显著低于在pH 8.2时的相对增长率.混养结果表明,低pH有利于萱藻生长,而高pH有利于小珊瑚藻生长.无论单养还是混养,3种pH条件下的培养液中PO34-、NO3-含量随时间延长而逐渐降低.在0～2 d培养液中PO34-含量急剧下降(降低了71.9%～99.0%),随后PO34-含量下降缓慢.单养时,孔石莼、萱藻、小珊瑚藻分别在pH 8.2、8.2、7.6时的PO34-吸收速率最高;孔石莼、小珊瑚藻分别在pH 8.2、7.6时的NO3-吸收速率最高.混养时,孔石莼+萱藻、孔石莼+小珊瑚藻、萱藻+小珊瑚藻分别在pH 7.6、8.2、8.2时的PO34-吸收速率最高;孔石莼+小珊瑚藻在pH 7.6时的NO3-吸收速率最高.小珊瑚藻单养在pH 7.6时的低生长以及营养盐(PO34-和NO3-)的高吸收速率结果表明,PO34-和NO3-的吸收与同化作用并不相偶联.尽管两种藻混养中的优势种并未因海洋酸化而改变,但藻的种类组成比例发生了变化.因此,自然环境中海洋酸化对不同海藻的生长和营养盐吸收的长期影响可能会导致藻群落结构的改变.     

藻类吸附剂在印染废水处理中的应用研究综述

印染废水具有水量大、水质复杂、有机物含量高、可生化性差、色度高等特点,直接排放将会造成严重的水环境污染。藻类吸附材料因其廉价易得,吸附容量大,可实现藻类的资源化利用等优点,近年来发展较快。利用藻类吸附剂处理印染废水,有望取得理想的结果。在介绍当前各种藻类吸附染料效果的基础上,评述了吸附过程的各影响因素,针对目前研究的不足对藻类吸附脱色技术今后的研究方向提出了建议。