长江流域等重污染行业经济和污染贡献率剖析

应用"污染贡献率"这一指标,分析了长江、黄河、珠江和松花江流域COD和氨氮排放的重污染行业以及地区分布,指出了各流域COD和氨氮排放的控制重点.同时分析了各流域重污染行业的经济贡献率,最后结合行业的污染贡献率和经济贡献率以及行业在地区所占的比例,提出了几点重要的结论.     

垃圾填埋场渗出液中有害成分的研究

研究垃圾填埋场渗出液中的有害成分。渗出液样品用适当的方法处理后 ,用气相色谱 -质谱联用方法和原子发射光谱法进行定性分析。然后用原子吸收分光光度法和反相高效液相色谱法定量测定样品中微量的 Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、Hg、苯酚、对甲苯酚、萘、蒽     

RP-1400a大气颗粒物(PM10)监测仪的日常维护经验

RP-1400a大气颗粒物(PM10)监测仪的日常维护和常见故障排除方法的一些经验.     

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) micropollutant herbicide removing from water using granular and powdered activated carbons: a comparison applied for water treatment and health safety

Abstract

Activated carbons are well-known porous materials as an effective adsorbent used for the removal of emerging contaminants, such as herbicides, which are increasingly present in water bodies. Most water treatment plants, specially in Brazil, are unable to completely remove such contaminants by the conventional process and advanced treatment using activated carbons is required. The aim of this paper was to verify the influence of the activated carbons granulometry and specific surface area on the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide removal efficiency using distilled-deionized water and filtered water collected from a conventional Water Treatment Plant. Commercial activated carbons samples used in this work were obtained from two different manufacturers. Activated carbons were analyzed by the specific surface area, pore size and volume distribution, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared and x-ray spectroscopy, moisture, volatile matter and ash contents. Batch adsorption isotherms experiments were used and performed by Langmuir and Freundlich models. Granular and powdered activated carbons removed over 99% of 2,4-D in distilled water and near to 99% using filtered water. The activated carbons evaluated in this work presented high performance and played a key role in water treatment by removing 2,4-D herbicide, ensuring the protection of human health and the ecosystem.     

BF4-废水水解法实验

常温下用水解法处理ＢＦ４废水．实验采用铝盐作主水解剂，试剂Ａ作助水解剂，ｐＨ值小于３，在常温条件下实现了对ＢＦ４的高效水解．研究结果表明，ＢＦ４∶Ａｌ３＋∶Ａ的质量比为１∶０．８∶０．１，水解时间６～３ｈ，水解率达到９９．５％以上．使用助水解剂Ａ，缩短了水解时间，减少了铝盐用量，对高浓度的ＢＦ４废水效果尤为显著，水解时间可缩短一半，主水解剂用量可减少１／５，处理后出水中的ＢＦ４含量可降到１０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下．     

基于GIS的内河岸线资源评价研究——以武汉市域长江干流为例

内河岸线资源是国土资源的重要组成部分,但专门的评价研究在国内外尚不多见。国内研究始于20世纪80年代末,研究区域集中在长江中下游,研究方法已经从定性发展到定量,并引进了GIS手段。论文首先总结了前人的研究,将岸线评价分为质量分等评价、适宜性评价和综合性评价3种类型,概括为评价单元的划分、单项指标的评价和综合质量分等3个步骤。之后,论文以自然资源评价的理论方法为指导,通过武汉市域长江干流岸线的建港自然条件评价的实例,系统探索了运用GIS方法评价岸线资源的一般程序,将其分为:数据准备、建立数据库、评价实施、成果输出4个步骤。     

城市道路机动车排放总烃与非甲烷烃的关系

通过在西安城市道路隧道中设三个监测点对进入隧道的机动车排出的总烃（ＴＨＣ）和非甲烷烃（ＮＭＨＣ）浓度进行连续５天采样分析。结果表明城市机动车排放的碳氢化合物以非甲烷烃为主，非甲烷烃占总烃的８２５％，汽车排放ＴＨＣ和ＮＭＨＣ之间有极好的线性相关，用统计回归方法得出了机动车排放总烃和非甲烷烃的换算公式     

抓住机遇整体推进

根据当前形势，分析天津市环境保护工作面临的机遇和挑战，并确定近期的工作目标和思路。围绕贯彻中共中央十四届六中全会、全国第四次环境保护会议和国务院《决定》的精神和要求，为抓住机遇、整体推进天津环境保护工作，提出当前一个时期的主要任务和基本措施     

Simultaneous sorption of lead and chlorobenzene by organobentonite

Clays or organoclays have been used as a barrier to prevent the transport of hazardous contaminants in landfills. However, clays are known to effectively sorb mostly inorganic contaminants, while organoclays are mainly used for organic contaminants. Since the organoclays are basically clay particles modified with cationic surfactants, there might exist an optimal coverage of cationic surfactant on the clay particles to sorb both inorganic and organic contaminants. In order to determine the optimal mass of cationic surfactants on the bentonites, sodium bentonites were treated with various ratios of hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) to bentonites. Chlorobenzene and lead were selected as representative contaminants. When either chlorobenzene or lead exists as a single contaminant, chlorobenzene sorption increased with increasing HDTMA to bentonite ratios, and lead sorption decreased with increasing HDTMA to bentonite ratios. Sorption of chlorobenzene was a function of HDTMA coverage on the bentonites, while lead sorption was much more influenced by the initial lead concentration rather than the mass of HDTMA added to the bentonites.